Understanding juror perceptions of forensic evidence: investigating the impact of case context on perceptions of forensic evidence strength

The most widely accepted model of juror decision making acknowledges the importance of both the case-specific information presented in the courtroom, as well as the prior general knowledge and beliefs held by each juror. The studies presented in this paper investigated whether mock jurors could differentiate between evidence of varying strengths in the absence of case information and then followed on to determine the influence that case context (and therefore the story model) has on judgments made about the strength of forensic DNA evidence. The results illustrated that mock jurors correctly identified various strengths of evidence when it was not presented with case information; however, the perceived strength of evidence was significantly inflated when presented in the context of a criminal case, particularly when the evidence was of a weak or ambiguous standard. These findings are discussed in relation to the story model, and the potential implications for real juries.     

SETTLEMENT‐FOCUSED PARENTING PLAN CONSULTATIONS: AN EVALUATIVE MEDIATION ALTERNATIVE TO CHILD CUSTODY EVALUATIONS

The divorce mediation field has recently seen the development of several “hybrid” alternative dispute resolution approaches to child custody disputes. The “settlement‐focused parenting plan consultation” (SFPPC) is a form of evaluative mediation, conducted by a “parenting plan consultant” (PPC), who possesses the combined expertise of a mediator and child custody evaluator. This hybrid model is a more expedient and considerably less expensive approach than a child custody evaluation, but preserves the hallmark mediation principle of self‐determination. The article describes the theory underlying the SFPPC, delineates the role requirements, procedures, and techniques of the parenting plan consultant, and addresses legal and ethical issues.     

论图书馆心理学在图书馆业务工作中的应用

图书馆心理学是一门交叉学科,运用读者学、图书馆学、心理学、社会学、管理学等诸多理论来研究文献交流过程中的心理现象及规律。分析研究读者心理及馆员心理,有助于图书馆科学地总结为读者服务的经验,提高服务质量和效率。在图书馆的参考咨询、采购、分编、流通阅览等业务工作部门,充分利用图书馆心理学,充分利用不同人的不同性格气质来分配安排工作,有助于做到人尽其才。     

犯罪人罪后行为分析：传统犯罪心理画像技术的继承与发展

犯罪人罪后行为分析技术在追逃、制止继续犯罪、收集犯罪证据等方面具有极大的侦查价值,它的理论基础是托尔曼关于犯罪环境、犯罪心理、犯罪行为的三大变量理论,其事实基础包括内外两方面的因素。从本质上看,它属于犯罪心理画像技术的范畴,是犯罪心理画像技术的继承,但是并非简单的继承,而是发展基础上的基础。它延伸了犯罪心理画像技术的思维过程,同时拓宽了犯罪心理画像技术的应用对象、适应的案件类型,以及实施的目的等。     

论犯罪心理与“留守儿童”违法犯罪

“留守儿童”违法犯罪问题已经引起了理论界与实务界的高度关注。我国目前对“留守儿童犯”进行的心理调研仅局限于对“留守儿童犯”的普遍性考察,缺乏有针对性的犯罪心理调查。实证分析法是犯罪学调研的基本方法。通过对“留守儿童犯”的认知心理和社会化环境两部分展开深入调研,在需求、自信与自我认同、行为模式、自控能力、违法犯罪认识性以及父母家庭关系、学校关系、同辈关系和其他人际关系等方面进行了全面系统分析,可以透视“留守儿童‘’’犯”的犯罪心理现状,同时为提出有针对性的预防措施提供事实依据。     

Latent Profile Approach to Duration of Stalking

Abstract: Stalking behavior and victim–stalker relationship are often the principal known factors in a stalking case. Thus, they are of great importance when trying to identify factors contributing to stalking duration. The present study aims to identify distinct subgroups of stalking victims based on measures of behavioral stalking dimensions. These victim subgroups, stalking dimensions, and victim–stalker relationship are examined in relation to stalking duration. Using a sample of 137 university students, latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed five distinct victim subgroups based on stalker behavior dimensions: surveillance, low‐profile, social lurker, wide scope, and baseline stalkers. The subgroups were significantly related to stalking duration and explained a considerable amount of the variance along with the stalking dimensions and victim–stalker relationship. Connections to stalking literature and utility of person‐orientated methods in stalking research are discussed.     

论学前儿童音乐审美经验的建构

学前儿童具有先天的音乐能力。这是人类音乐性的体现,是人类的一种生存本能和由音乐经验积淀而形成的集体无意识。以此为前提,学前儿童能够通过与音乐作品的互动来建构审美经验。从感知到音乐文本的存在开始,学前儿童以一种主动的态度去理解、阐释音乐,并将所获得的音乐体验内化、再建构,从而形成对某一作品的我自己的审美经验。其后,学前儿童将此经验迁移以形成良好的音乐审美判断和鉴赏能力。在这一过程中,听觉与动觉的相互转换占主导地位。学前儿童音乐审美经验的建构是存在于幼儿、作曲家、社会之间的一种多重交互行为,其结果是建立一种共享体验。     

从规则到行为：试论我们为何守法

人们为何守法一直以来是很多领域的学者探讨的问题。本文从规则与法的起源问题到个体对之内化,直至把它们外化为行为,这一动态的过程对我们为何遵守规则与法进行阐释,在此过程中,充分强调了个体间的合作、社会化的过程、自我的执行以及认知调节等的重要作用,以期对守法行为的研究提供一个崭新的视角。     

公安边防情报人员在调查访问中的消极心理与调适

公安边防情报活动中的调查访问主要集中在边境地区开展,工作环境复杂,任务艰巨,边防情报人员面对的调查访问对象形形色色。受外界客观环境和调查访问对象的心理反应的影响,再加上自身情报理论水平、实际工作能力以及生理心理素质等诸多方面的不足,边防情报人员在开展调查访问工作时,其很容易表现出消极的心理状态。为此,应采取适当的调适方法消除这种消极的心理状态。     

无限防卫权的主观依据

为了鼓励、支持公民更好地利用防卫权,保护其合法权益,1997年刑法第二十条第三款增设了无限防卫权制度,但是,我们要注意的是无限防卫权并不是绝对防卫权,其发动和行使有严格的主客观条件,尤其是无限防卫权的主观依据往往被研究者忽略。其实,极端情绪的压抑作用应是无限防卫权的主观依据。