East Is East and South Is South: The Cases of Sarojini Naidu and Arundhati Roy

Boehmer begins by outlining suggestive parallels between the doubly orientalizing reception of an Indian woman poet, Sarojini Naidu, in 1890s London, and the publicity and critical enthusiasm surrounding the appearance of Arundhati Roy's first novel, The God of Small Things , in the 1990s. Building on these century-broad connections, she goes on to observe how, despite its liberatory agendas, certain constructions within postcolonial criticism appear to emerge virtually intact out of the colonial discourses of the past: in particular, the conflation of biology and biography in representations of the writing of the South, and constructions of a singular oriental femaleness, and an extravagant oriental style. The second part of the essay examines more closely these seemingly 'neo-orientalist' underpinnings of postcolonial literary criticism located in the West, and then considers resistances to these, both in terms of cultural contextualization and verbal recalcitrance.     

决策者到底如何归因?——一项基于美国外交档案的研究

面对充满不确定性的世界。个体通常通过一种被称为归因的心理机制从不完全的信息中解释他人做出某种行为的原因。类似但更为特殊的心理机制也会发生在当一个国家的决策者需要理解另一个国家的行为以采取某种应对之策的时候。当外交决策者们在试图解释他国的行为时,他们会将哪些变量纳入他们的考虑范畴?他们对他国行为进行归因的方式是否会因情境的不同而有所变化?如果确实有所变化,那么他们在归因时将会存在哪些倾向和偏见?外交决策者通常从能力、决心、利益、意图和该国所处的战略环境五个维度来认知另一个国家行为的原因。而恐惧和族群中心主义均会作用于这五个维度,并且在不同的情境下,两者在各维度的作用方式有所差异。为了验证唐世平提出的行为归因理论,作者采用了一种特殊的内容分析技术——逐字解释文本分析——对1945-1947年间的美国外交档案进行了分析和编码,试图利用二战结束至冷战开始这段时间内美国的主要决策者对苏联行为所进行的数以百计的归因,并对上述归因理论进行经验上的探索。验证结果表明,描述性的证据分析部分支持了这一新的归因理论,但也挑战了这一理论中关于能力、决心和环境维度的部分推断。     

行人过街特征分析及自我保护对策

行人是道路交通活动中的弱者,行人事故伤亡约占所有交通事故伤亡人数的20%,而行人过街时的伤亡人数要占其中的50%以上。文章从心理学的角度分析了行人过街的特征,并提出了诸如合理运用过街注意的转移、推广行人过街手势、采用防护设施等观点,以期对行人过街安全有所帮助。     

车文博先生对无意识心理学研究的理论贡献

本文既在专题水平上探讨车文博教授关于无意识心理学思想的系统论述,并尝试揭示其理论意义,又希望通过这个专题研究,揭示车文博教授文以载道的学术人格和治学理念,从而为我们学习、领会、研究车文博教授博大精深的心理学思想提供一个方法论的范型。     

Security culture,transnational challenges and the Economic Community of West African States

This special issue explores how one particular regional organisation, the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS), has defined certain transnational issues as security threats and how it has addressed them. In this introductory article, we begin by providing an overview and analysis of some of the most important transnational security challenges facing West Africa. Specifically, we discuss some of the problems raised by cross-border insurgencies, health challenges, organised criminal activities, terrorism and environmental degradation. We then examine the different levels at which actors have responded to these challenges. The section ‘Security culture: shaping the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) response?’ sets out our approach to thinking about the concept of security culture and asks whether it might be relevant to understanding how and why ECOWAS has focused on responding to certain transnational security challenges and not to others. The final section provides an overview of the other articles in this issue.     

Deconstructing the myth of the Tatar Yoke

Analysing and comparing the various conventional and revisionist narratives on what is known as the ‘Tatar Yoke’, this article aims to show that Western historiography has long been critical of the dominant negative view on the Tatar–Mongol rule over Russian principalities and that in Russia we find similar revisions in history – with some exceptions – only in post-Soviet times. This article aims to demonstrate how the revisionist views on the Tatar–Mongol rule contributed to the political and cultural transformation of contemporary Russia. In the part which analyses the revisionist discourse in Russia the emphasis lies on the new Tatar narrative. For Tatars the new interpretation of the Tatar–Mongol rule is of outstanding importance because it functions as a means to enhance Tatar national pride, and it contributes to Tatarstan's sovereignty project.     

社会心理调控：和谐社会意识形态建设的重要之维

作为不同层次社会意识的社会心理与意识形态，二者之间有着内在的有机关联。良好的社会心理状态是促进和维系社会和谐有序的基础力量。当前我国正在努力建设和谐社会，调控社会心理要从以下三方面入手：一是培育和保持个体与社会群体的和谐心态；二是完善利益协调机制，平衡社会心理关系；三是提升社会成员价值需求，营造良好的社会心理环境。     

明末至晚清世界地图在中国的传播和影响

世界地图在明清时期传播并成为中国人常识观念的一部分,经历了一个曲折的过程。其中的一个重要原因是文化心态上的认知障碍:历史上中国人一方面与异域的交往和对外部世界的了解不断扩展,同时却固守"华夏中心"的观念,认为自己不仅在诗书礼仪方面,而且在地理方位上也居于地球("天下")的中心。真正使中国人接受世界地图的,不是西方知识的传播,而是其枪炮。以传统天下观解体为契机,知识结构转换引发的价值危机构成了中国文化重建的历史起点。     

“9·11”事件后俄罗斯对外战略的重大调整

去年"9·11"事件以来,俄罗斯外交战略的调整引起了全世界的高度关注,其外交动向呈现出鲜明的"大西洋主义"色彩。俄罗斯外交战略的调整既是俄罗斯传统战略文化的现实折射和外交经验的深刻总结,也是俄着眼于国际环境和自身实力而做出的务实选择。"立足欧洲、融入西方"已成为俄罗斯既定的外交战略,俄美关系、俄北关系、俄欧关系也将随之经历重大变化,它们彼此之间的利益互动和冲突决定了俄罗斯的"西进"之路将是曲折而漫长的。     

西方多民族国家的自治立法与中国民族法制建设研究

本文论述了西方多民族国家的自治立法在立法目标、立法原则及立法内容等方面与中国民族法制建设的相同和不同之处;认为认真总结和研究西方民族国家的自治立法,对中国进一步加强民族法制建设,坚持和完善民族区域自治制度,具有重要的理论和现实意义。