法的渊源与法的形式界分

奥斯汀以来的法律学人,虽试图在法的渊源和法的形式之间踩出清晰的路径,却终未获取如意的结局。迄今,无论英美欧陆抑或中国学界,仍然普遍混淆两者的界限,以致把不是法的东西视为法,把未然的法和已然的法、可能的法和正式的法混为一谈,在法律生活中就经常淡化法和非法的边界并由此遁离法治原则。历来法学流派的分野,在很大程度上正表现在对法的渊源和法的形式取不同态度方面。然而法的渊源和法的形式的确不容混淆,它们本是两种事物,内涵两种价值,代表法的形成过程中两个不同阶段和表现形态。     

海洋保护区制度与中国海洋安全利益关系辨析

“菲律宾南海仲裁案”之后,中国在南海面临的安全形势相比之前发生了极大转变,如美国、越南等国家均因该案而对其原有立场进行了调整。同时,随着近年来中国远洋活动能力的不断提升,中国的海洋发展利益已经突破领海、专属经济区等近海区域,不断向公海、国际海底区域等国家管辖范围之外的领域延伸,例如积极参与《国家管辖范围以外区域海洋生物多样性问题执行协定》谈判与国际海底区域勘探活动等,因而海洋安全利益的范围亦相应随之拓展。在全球现代海洋安全问题的范畴之内,“新安全观”作为“构建人类命运共同体”理念的有机组成部分,其对中国当前海洋安全形势下的需求具有极强针对性。而在海洋法规则中,海洋保护区制度无论在特征、目标还是功能方面,均与“人类命运共同体”理念具有一定的契合性,该制度适用与否的问题,对中国维护海洋安全利益具有重大战略意义。然而,由于《联合国海洋法公约》将全球海洋划分为多块不同性质的海域,导致该项制度在不同位置所能发挥的积极作用也同样有所区别,所以即便决定选择适用时,亦不能完全一概而论,应当始终坚持在不同时空维度下的灵活运用。     

Success Factors in Canadian Academic Spin-Offs

In the last 20 years Canadian university produced some 1200 spin-off companies, out of which 5–6% are still independent and quoted in the stock exchanges. This study analysed these public companies in terms of industry, technologies, regions, universities and growth. The paper finds that the growing companies of the 2000s are most often not in biotechnology, in spite of their frequent support by venture capital. Conversely spin-off companies that grew had often obtained patents and received support from the Industrial Research Assistance Program, a support program for R&D in smaller firms, managed by the National Research Council of Canada.     

论学术自由的法律界限

学术自由的法律界限有哲学和伦理学上的依据.历史上有关学术自由法律界限的学说主要有绝对自由说、限制行为说和限制利益说.对学术自由的客观限制主要来自于某些法律价值,即学术自由应以个体权利、公共利益和国家利益为界.个体权利成为学术自由的法律界限主要是指教师的权利、学生的权利和机构的利益对学术自由行为的限制.学术自由权利社会化使学术自由权利主体间的侵权行为日益突出,主要表现于著作权、人格权对学术自由行为的限制.公共利益的界限主要表现在公共秩序与安全对学术自由行为的限制.国家利益的界限主要表现于国家安全利益对学术自由行为提出的必要限制.     

论清代朴学思潮的基本得失

从学术思想史的角度审视,朴学思潮在学理价值与工具性价值上均有建树。前者以“经学即理学”说为主轴,搭建了足以让清代学者施展身手的舞台,在形成朴学正统的同时,还推动了清代学术的大面积发展;后者以效行实事求是的治学原则为核心,创制了精良的研究方法,为近代科学精神炳烛。朴学思潮之失,在于学术理路上存在缺陷、以及适用性价值的缺失。前者是其发展途中无法解开的死结;后者一旦发作,歇息易也。     

The future of political campaigning: the American example

The Internet will provide a way to force direct democracy to the fore, replacing many of the prerogatives now reserved for representative democracy. This is especially true in Europe where the continental integration of the economy has not been matched by integrated political democracy. Lobbying in the UK will become less relevant as the EU comes to predominate. Lobbying in the future will have to be directed downward — to mobilise the public — rather than upward, attempting to influence the Parliament. Copyright © 2003 Henry Stewart Publications.     

我国戒毒工作所需理论戒断费用分析

戒毒必然涉及经费问题。根据理论上必须收治的强制戒毒人次和略低于湖南目前收费核计标准 3 0 0 0元的不变标准计算 ,未来 10年全国平均每年强制戒毒所需经费 2 9 3 1亿元。解决这一巨额经费问题 ,只能是继续坚持戒毒费用由戒毒者个人及家属支付 ,问题是戒毒费用全由戒毒者个人及家属支付 ,虽减轻了国家负担 ,但亦带来了弊病种种。故建议参照劳教人员拨付办法适当地划拨人头经费。若按 2 0 0元 /人次·3月拨付 ,则 2 0 0 0年需划拨经费 0 5个亿 ,而未来 10年理论上年均费用 2个多亿     

Dispersal Powers and the Symbolic Role of Anti-Social Behaviour Legislation

This article considers the development and use of dispersal powers, introduced by the Anti-Social Behaviour Act 2003, and situates these within the context of wider legislation and policy initiatives. It explores the ways in which the powers have been interpreted by the courts and implemented by police and local authorities. The article critically analyses the manner in which the powers: introduce 'public perceptions' as a justification for police encroachments on civil liberties; conform to a hybrid-type prohibition; constitute a form of preventive exclusion that seeks to govern future behaviour; are part of a wider trend towards discretionary and summary justice; and potentially criminalise young people on the basis of the anxieties that groups congregating in public places may generate amongst others. It is argued that the significance of dispersal orders derives as much from the symbolic messages and communicative properties they express, as from their instrumental capacity to regulate behaviour.     

学术领域不正之风与基本学术道德精神确立

当前我国学术领域不正之风滋生蔓延,其主要表现为假、劣、伪、冒、庸、卖、媚、空、霸、狡,对社会发展具有阻碍性危害。为此,要加强学术道德建设,确立良心意识、诚信品格、责任观念、精品意识、科学精神、实践观念、服务意识、国家思想、师表观念、法律意识等基本学术道德精神。     

人文教育：突破高校德育困境的新契机

传统高校德育目标的政治性和工具性制约了其育人功能的发挥，德育内容的理想化和空洞化影响了其育人作用的体现，空洞说教或灌输式教育方式致使德育效果不佳。高校德育与人文教育的教育目标一致、教育内容相容、教育功能贯通，因此，可以从教师、学生、校园文化建设、德育评估制度等多方面强化人文教育，突破高校德育困境。