交通肇事犯罪原因探析

交通肇事犯罪一直是社会的热点。近年来,随着数起引起社会广泛影响的交通肇事大案以及《刑法修正案(八)》将危险驾驶行为纳入犯罪,新闻媒体与法律实务更加关注对交通肇事犯罪的评价。然而,目前学界研究此类犯罪多从刑法规制的角度探讨,而隐藏在犯罪背后的深层原因却鲜有研究。任何犯罪现象总有一定的犯罪原因的外在展现和结果状态,从交通的组成因素探讨其对交通肇事的联系和影响,有助于发现交通肇事的本质,为交通事故的预防提供重要参考。     

Equality,risk and responsibility: Dworkin on the insurance market

The concept of risk occupies centre-stage in debates about individual and social responsibilities and, within a broadly neo-liberal regime, the paradigmatic form of risk management is insurance. Nevertheless analysis of these recent shifts in welfare politics appears curiously disconnected from dominant trends of normative political theorizing. The rise of ‘insurance as government’ and ‘risk management as responsibility and opportunity’ has not obviously been addressed even by prominent liberal political theorists. Similarly the analysts of neo-liberalism have devoted little attention to tracing these concepts through the literature on political theory. This article seeks to remedy this disconnection, by showing how Ronald Dworkin – perhaps the foremost liberal theorist writing today – offers us an account of equality which foregrounds the apparatus of insurance, and represents the management of risk within the welfare system as both an opportunity and a responsibility. Furthermore, his account inherits many of the ambiguities and weaknesses of neo-liberal theory and redeploys them within the political theory of equality.     

保险诈骗犯罪手法分析及防范策略研究

近年来,保险诈骗案件呈多发态势,扰乱了正常的保险经营秩序,阻碍了中国保险业的健康发展。研究保险诈骗犯罪及防范策略,对加强预防保险欺诈行为、维护正常的保险秩序有着重要意义。防范保险诈骗可采取以下措施:(一)保险公司自身应强化管理,提高诈骗风险控制能力;(二)保险行业内部应相互配合,搭建业内信息共享平台;(三)金融检察部门要惩防并举,加强对保险行业的保护;(四)执法部门之间需加强协作,构建线索移送通报制度;(五)公众法制宣传要点面结合,加强骗保犯罪预防效果。     

建筑施工企业农民工工伤保险立法浅议

建筑行业农民工的工伤保险问题,已经引起社会各界的广泛关注。建立适合建筑行业农民工的工伤保险制度是保护农民工健康和维护社会稳定的必要条件。目前我国建筑行业农民工工伤维权存在一些问题,因此,需要建立符合我国建筑行业农民工自身特点的工伤保险。     

试析侦办交通肇事案件中测谎技术之运用

交通肇事案件侦办实例说明,运用传统侦查方法侦办此类案件有一定的局限性,而运用测谎技术则有其独特的作用。测谎原理满足和平获取口供的需要,交通肇事案件中运用测谎技术成功率也较高。在运用测谎技术成功侦办交通肇事案件过程中,要善于捕捉谈话信息、巧妙收集背景资料、准确抓住心理焦点、合理搭建心理台阶、熟练把握转变时机,同时要注意保证被测人意识清醒和减少＂翻供＂的可能性。     

车外人员与汽车碰撞事故现场痕迹特点分析

道路交通事故的发生是人、车、道路等因素综合作用的结果，碰撞过程中。三者之间在极短的时间内发生了强烈的相互作用，如制动、碰撞、损伤产生等。事故发生后。根据国家GA41—2005《道路交通事故痕迹物证勘验》标准规定。交通事故现场痕迹包括路面痕迹、车体痕迹、人体痕迹、其它痕迹等勘验是确定交通事故责任和成因的主要依据。本文研究中通过对200起车外无防御能力的道路使用者（行人、自行车、三轮车、摩托车）与汽车碰撞事故现场痕迹。如人一车一道路位置。车辆的制动印痕、行驶速度、碰撞痕迹，人体致伤特点等各种客观的信息参数．寻找易于提取、利于计算分析、有助于事故重建的现场痕迹参数特点。以此建立起基于现场痕迹信息综合处理的事故再现参数体系。为后续重建交通事故碰撞过程研究提供参考依据。     

国际商事仲裁自治性强化背景下的弱势方保护——法国的经验及启示

仲裁的自治性是仲裁存在和发展的前提,法国赋予了国际商事仲裁高度自治性,严格限制法院的审查范围和力度,但是弱势方的利益保护问题也亟待解决。为此法国法对仲裁协议的效力作出限制性规定,同时注重维护仲裁员公正性。此外法国允许市场力量的介入,向弱势方提供了应对仲裁风险的保险工具。中国在强化国际商事仲裁自治性的同时,也须考虑由此带来的仲裁弱势方保护问题,应首先界定法律给与特殊保护的对象范围,在此基础上制定配套性规则,在仲裁管辖权和仲裁员指定方面对弱势方作出倾斜性的规定,同时允许保险人开发争议解决保险服务,提高弱势方的抗风险能力。     

完善农村社会养老保险政府责任机制的探讨

新型农村社会养老保险制度的政府责任存在不少问题,表现在农民养老的历史债务偿还机制、农民参保激励机制、基础养老金调整约束机制、不同层级间政府财政责任约束机制、政府养老金最低待遇承诺机制和补偿机制度、隐形成本的化解机制缺失等方面,因此,需要构建政府责任供给机制,不断完善农村社会养老保险制度。     

Gaining Legitimacy as a Public Official: The Case of Supportive Employee Attitudes to the Standardization of Work

The standardization of work processes is a common feature of the public administration, aiming at both efficiency and equal treatment of citizens. Combining this standardization with employee motivation is considered a challenge. This challenge is explored, based on a survey to 261 social insurance officers (SIOs) at the Swedish Social Insurance Agency. Results reveal that, contrary to expectations, 73 per cent of these officials perceived the standardized protocols as supportive, rather than burdening. Justifications were codified in order to identify factors affecting these attitudes. Four categories emerged. These factors are discussed and it is concluded that the standardization of work increased professional status, by providing with legitimacy and authority. However, in order to ensure compliance and increase professional status, better opportunities for officials to influence protocols and contribute to the shared knowledge base are required.     

Subway Train‐Related Fatalities in New York City: Accident versus Suicide*

Abstract: We examined the characteristics of subway train‐related fatalities in New York City between Jan. 1, 2003 and May 31, 2007 in order to determine which factors are useful in differentiating accident from suicide. Subway train‐related deaths with homicide and undetermined manners also are included. During this period, there were 211 subway train‐related fatalities. The manners of death were: suicide (n = 111), accident (n = 76), undetermined (n = 20), and homicide (n = 4). The causes of death were blunt trauma (n = 206) and electrocution (n = 5). Torso transection and extremity amputation were more frequent in suicides. Antidepressant medications were more frequently detected in suicides, whereas cocaine and ethanol were more frequent in accidents. However, autopsy findings should be weighed in the context of the entire evaluation along with other circumstantial and investigative findings. In unwitnessed deaths where additional information is unavailable or discrepant, the most appropriate manner of death usually is undetermined.