论环境损害赔偿的社会化机制 --以环境责任保险制度为例

环境责任保险制度可以分散环境风险,使企业避免因污染损害事故而遭受重大损失;有助于环境污染受害人获得及时和充分的赔偿;同时也可以通过保险公司对企业的排污行为进行监督管理.西方国家实行的几种环境责任保险模式各有其特点,我国应该借鉴国外经验,并立足于现实国情,建立以环境责任保险制度、环境损害赔偿法和环境损害救济基金为组成要素的环境损害赔偿社会化机制的完整体系.     

浅谈我国保险资金的运用

保险资金的运用是保险经营的重中之重.本文在分析我国保险资金投资现状的基础上,提出若干拓宽保险资金运用渠道的建议,以期对现实有一定的借鉴作用.     

贵州少数民族人口结构变动对养老保险的影响

社会养老保障不仅关系到保险人和投保人的利益 ,而且关系到职工因年老退休所造成的经济损失能否得到及时的、足额的补偿。在我国还关系到经济制度改革的成败 ,因此 ,加强社会养老保险的研究 ,进一步健全和完善社会养老保险制度 ,具有十分重要的社会意义。     

从医疗保险制度改革看我国城镇职工医疗权的保障

医疗权是公民的一项基本权利,政府在维护公民医疗权的问题上承担着道德责任。我国政府通过医疗卫生体制改革,尽可能使我们的医疗保障制度符合公正性、公益性和效益合理性的伦理原则,从而更好地实现对公民医疗权的维护。尽管在实际操作的过程中仍然面临着很多困难和问题,但是积极的改革措施表明了政府在保障公民医疗权问题上的积极态度。     

Cyber insurance – What coverage in case of an alleged act of War? Questions raised by the Mondelez v. Zurich case

In October 2018, snack company Mondelez International, Inc. (Mondelez) filed an action against Zurich American Insurance Company (Zurich), requesting indemnification for more than USD $100,000,000 in losses caused by the NotPetya cyber virus. Zurich refuses to cover these damages alleging one of the insurance policy's exclusions for damage resulting from a hostile or warlike action by a government, as the NotPetya attack is said to have been sponsored by Russia. This case is noteworthy for multiple reasons: not only is it the first significant legal dispute in the insurance field concerning the recovery of costs resulting from a cyber attack, but it is also the first time that an insurance company is invoking the war exclusion to decline coverage for an allegedly state-sponsored cyber hack.This article analyzes the key issues of this important case, including attribution of a cyber attack to a State and interpretation of an insurance policy's war exclusion in a cyber context, and the likelihood of success of Mondelez's arguments. It also explores the strengths and limits of general principles of contract and public international law when applied to new technologies and cyber incidents. Finally, it discusses the potential impacts of the Mondelez case on the contents and limits of future traditional and cyber-specific insurance policies.     

Insurance Fraud and the Role of the Civil Law

Two UK Supreme Court decisions have considered insurance fraud. The first, Versloot Dredging BV v HDI‐Gerling Industries Versicherung (The DC Merwestone), concerned the use of a fraudulent device being harnessed to support a legitimate claim which, in the view of the majority, was an area of insurance law in need of re‐evaluation. The second, Haywood v Zurich Insurance Co, concerned the use of fraud to increase the settlement paid by the insurer and whether an insurer, which suspects fraud but has nevertheless chosen to settle a claim, is entitled to set aside the settlement under the tort of deceit where it subsequently discovers proof that it was in fact fraudulent. This case note examines not only the legal implications of the decisions and their likely impact on industry practice, it also focuses on the broader issue of the proper province of the civil law and whether general deterrence can be justified as a proper objective where the criminal law is deficient in punishing fraud because of its higher standard of proof.     

浅析建立企业年金的必要性

社会保障体系改革不仅要解决原有保障制度历史遗留问题,更重要的是应该着眼于未来。构造新型社会保障体系以促进我国转型后市场经济的健康发展,不仅需要加快建立城镇职工基本养老保险制度,同时还要积极发展企业年金。     

董事高管责任保险、财务弹性与企业投资效率

董事高管责任保险在财务弹性与企业投资效率之间能否较好的治理作用？文章选取2008-2015年我国Ａ股上市公司为研究样本,实证检验了董事高管责任保险、财务弹性与企业投资效率之间的关系。研究发现：财务弹性与投资不足负相关,与投资过度正相关;董事高管责任保险在二者间发挥了积极的治理作用,表现在董事高管责任保险增强了财务弹性对投资不足的抑制作用,减弱了财务弹性与过度投资之间的正相关关系。进一步研究发现,董事高管责任保险的引入有助于提升公司盈利能力和企业价值。文章的研究结论丰富了财务弹性的相关研究,也加深了当前对于董事高管责任保险公司治理作用的进一步认识,为董事高管责任保险在我国的发展和推广提供了经验证据。     

Determination of Vehicle Speed from Recorded Video Using Reverse Projection Photogrammetry and File Metadata

The prevalence of security and in‐car video has increased the number of motor vehicle accidents captured on digital video. However, inconsistencies in how to accurately determine time and distance for vehicle speed has led to examinations with varying results. A potential solution for calculating time intervals is to use frame timing contained within many digital video file's metadata, recorded with 0.000001 sec precision. This paper examines a fatal motor vehicle accident where frame timing information was used with distance measurements from reverse projection photogrammetry to calculate vehicle speed. A margin of error was then calculated based on the accuracy in performing reverse projection photogrammetry distance measurements. The resulting speed calculation was then compared to event data recorder data and found to be within an average of ±1.43538 MPH. Using specific time intervals may lead investigators to more accurate speed calculations, specifically those involving variable frame rate video.     

欺诈骗取医保基金风险防范的国际比较

采取文献分析法梳理国内外欺诈骗取医保基金风险防范的发展及现况,总结和比较打击欺诈骗保对策,以期为我国提供有价值的参考和建议.欺诈骗保行为的表现形式及成因多样,我国可借鉴国际经验,首要是完善相关法律并成立专门机构,利用大数据技术等手段,加强对医疗服务提供方和需求方的监管.