减轻农民负担的公共政策分析

党和政府对减轻农民负担采取了许多公共政策,从政策实施过程来看,农民负担的增减交替进行、农民负担增也政府减亦政府、农民负担项目日益合法化、减轻农民负担的政策制订多落实少;从政府措施上看,减轻农民负担为改革开放创造了有利条件,但也有不足之处,主要体现在:措施“单兵突进”、农业税等据实征收不可操作、只给政策基层无法持久执行。减轻农民负担公共政策再决策应该做到:构建城乡统一的公共财政体制、构建财权与事权统一的公共产品供给体制、构建乡村良性发展的制度变迁机制。     

农业现代化和新农村建设同步发展的“金穗模式”——广西隆安县那桐镇定江村定典屯的实践与探索

实现农业现代化与新型城镇化同步发展,进一步促进城乡发展加快融合,找到农民增收、农业增效的有效途径是中国各方一直在探索的问题。该文以广西定江村定典屯为例,提出以土地流转为核心,企业与村屯携手共建发展平台的“金穗模式”,即依托产业带动,村屯以土地流转形式帮助企业解决用地问题,企业帮助完善村屯基础设施,解决农民的就业出路,实现村屯变美、农民致富、企业发展的“三赢”局面。     

海南城镇化发展及其休闲农业为主的产业支撑调研

海南城镇化率低,但仍保留较好生态环境,为发展休闲农业提供了良好条件。该文提出,海南城镇化发展路径是通过在广大乡村地区发展种养业,在城镇内开发农产品加工业,为休闲农业提供旅游商品。在这一过程中,创造就业岗位,吸引劳动人口向城镇聚集,从而加速城镇化进程。     

新型农业发展模式在“城乡一体化”建设中的功能研究——以福州市郊新型农业模式为例

该文以福州市郊涌现的3个新型农业发展模式：社区支持农业、创意休闲农业和生态农庄为例,讨论新型农业在当前城乡一体化建设的战略功能,即通过解决城市居民食品安全和农民稳定收入为目标,推动城乡人口、技术、资本、资源等要素相互融合、互为资源、互为市场、互相服务,促进城乡社区居民的互信、互助和互动。     

实现城乡发展一体化、解决“三农”问题的根本指导思想——十八大以来习近平关于推进城乡发展一体化问题的论述

中共十八大之后,习近平总书记高度重视"三农"问题,提出了推进城乡发展一体化、解决"三农"问题的一系列理论观点和政策措施,是中国共产党解决"三农"问题的根本指导思想,对于实现全面建成小康社会、实现中华民族伟大复兴具有十分重要的意义。     

Theorizing strategies: Households and markets in 15th-century Tuscany

This article uses empirical evidence from rural Tuscany in the 15th century to compare three frameworks for conceptualizing household strategies: Chayanov's analysis of the domestic economy, Bourdieu's treatment of social reproduction, and Weber's distinction between budgetary units and profit-making enterprises. Although Bourdieu's framework did not work well in this context because there was little evidence that peasants employed strategies to prevent the division of land, there was considerable evidence to support Chayanov and Weber. As Chayanov predicted, many households allocated labor according to a tradeoff between providing for family members and avoiding drudgery. The Weberian perspective also worked well because it explained why these smallholders often divided their holdings and used money in their household strategies.     

陕西都市农业发展中的政府行为——以西安市为例

都市农业实践遍布世界各地。当前,都市农业是统筹城乡发展、建设社会主义新农村的必由之路。西安市都市农业的实践和SWOT分析表明,都市农业具有显著的公共物品的特征,拥有有效的政府管理是顺利推进都市农业发展的最基本条件。陕西省政府应优化区域布局,强化政策引导;改革投资机制,加强基础设施;健全服务体系,强化社会服务;完善配套法规,稳定政策扶持;培训新型农民,提高科技支撑。     

Disaggregating public-private governance interactions: European Union interventions in transnational private sustainability governance

Transnational private sustainability governance, such as eco-certification, does not operate in a regulatory or jurisdictional vacuum. A public authority may intervene in private governance for various reasons, including to improve private governance's efficient functioning or to assert public regulatory primacy. This article argues that to properly understand the nature of public-private governance interactions—whether more competitive or complementary—we need to disaggregate a public authority's intervention. The article distinguishes between four features of private governance in which a public authority can intervene: standard setting, procedural aspects, supply chain signaling, and compliance incentives. Using the cases of the European Union's policies on organic agriculture and biofuels production, the article shows that public-private governance interaction dynamics vary across these private governance features as well as over time. Furthermore, the analysis highlights the importance of active lobbying by private governance actors in influencing these dynamics and the resulting policy outputs.     

毛泽东对中国社会主义工业化道路的探索及其现实意义

半个世纪前,毛泽东结合我国社会主义建设的实践,对中国社会主义工业化道路进行了艰辛而又曲折的探索。毛泽东从发展生产力的角度提出发展我国的现代工业,阐明了工业化的重要意义,论证了我国实现工业化的必要条件,提出了我国实现工业化的标准。毛泽东工业化道路思想经历了四个发展阶段。毛泽东的工业化道路思想对我国今后走新型工业化道路仍有指导意义和启示作用。     

转轨时期俄罗斯远东的农业

俄罗斯实行经济转轨以来 ,远东地区农业生产大幅度滑坡 ,农业企业在困境中求生存、求发展 ,步履维艰。俄远东地区农产品生产成本高、需求缺口较大 ,加之特定的资源和经济社会发展条件 ,为发展中俄农业合作提供了良好的机遇。