人工智能发展、全球价值链调整与就业格局变化

人工智能技术快速发展,全球价值链悄然调整。需求状况、生产要素、支持产业、企业同业竞争、政府等与劳动力密切相关的基本要素在中国都发生了前所未有的变化,对我国劳动分工与就业格局产生了极大的影响。研究认为,劳动力的"第三次解绑"导致新的就业特征产生。为更好地应对人工智能技术冲击、全球价值链重构带来的新就业问题,应当多措施并举扩大就业渠道,通过跨区、跨国创业拉动就业,着重培养复合型人才,提升教育质量。     

中国国际航空运输管理的几个法律问题

1993年中国民用航空总局颁布的<定期国际航空运输管理规定>已实施12年了.12年来,中国的航空运输已经逐步卷入航空自由化潮流之中.面对航空运输自由化,中国应当抓住机遇,迎接挑战,顺应潮流,根据中国经济建设和民航业发展的需要,认真修订<定期国际航空运输管理规定>,积极、渐进、有序、有保障地推进航空运输自由化进程.     

宪法基本国策研究

现代各国宪法已突破了传统宪法的结构,除了国家权力和公民权利的规定之外,又形成了基本国策的“第三种结构”。宪法中的基本国策,可分为经济宪法、社会宪法、文化宪法、国防宪法、外交宪法、民族宪法等。宪法基本国策条款由于其内容的不同而具有不同的法律效力。     

空气质量日报中的空气污染指数

空气污染指数（ＡＰＩ）是美国环保署于７０年代研究开发的一种用于表示每日空气质量状况,并易于为大众理解的报告方法。空气污染指数和级别概念已被很多国家或地区采用,但在具体级别限值和等级划分上因各国国家环境标准差异而有所不同。     

论预防和处置群体性事件中的警务公关

警务公关的良好运作对于预防和处置群体性事件之作用是不可低估的。警方在法制宣传教育中要充分发挥规范引导作用,教育人民群众提高法制意识,准确区分真善美与假丑恶;必须建树警察形象意识,以文明执法、热情服务为依托,以建立和谐融洽的警民关系为目的,增强群众对警察的好感和信任感;在处置群体性事件初期务必加强现场对话,在对话中沟通情况,排解矛盾;同时要注意媒体应对策略。警方通过媒体客观的报道,让公众了解事件的真相,避免臆想和猜测造成的恐慌与动荡,以便适度控制;媒体通过警方乃至政府解决问题的态度、举措的报道,让公众看到警方及其政府积极努力的作为,以塑造警察及政府的良好形象。     

Compliance costs,regulation, and environmental performance: Controlling truck emissions in the US

When explaining regulatory policymaking and the behavior of regulated business firms, scholars have supplemented economic models by emphasizing the role of public‐regarding entrepreneurial politics and of normative pressures on firms. This article explores the limits of such entrepreneurial politics and “social license” pressures by examining regulation of emissions from diesel powered trucks in the US. We find that the economic cost of obtaining the best available control technology – new model lower emissions engines – has: (i) limited the stringency and coerciveness of direct regulation of vehicle owners and operators; (ii) dwarfed the reach and effectiveness of the governmental programs that subsidize the purchase of new less polluting vehicles; and (iii) elevated the importance of each company’s “economic license”– as opposed to its “social license”– in shaping its environmental performance. The prominence of this “regulatory compliance cost” variable in shaping both regulation and firm behavior, we conclude, is likely to recur in highly competitive markets, like trucking, that include many small firms that cannot readily either afford or pass on the cost of best available compliance technologies.     

中国案例指导运作研究

中国案例指导的合理性论证及地方性实践已经很多。但是，这一制度的基本运作问题还缺乏深度的讨论。中国指导性案例的拘束力载体应当具有双重性，既有从案例归纳出的特定规则，也包括决定性判决理由。这种“双重结构”决定了指导性案例的适用是一种充满技艺的经验理性过程，其中，“区别技术”在中国本土化的分类适用是关键所在。如果预设指导性案例作为一种司法解释形式，那么“司法解释权”的内在原理就决定了案例指导运作应当有一个起码的框架性标准，引入示范诉讼机制则是利用现有诉讼以最小成本达致这个标准的选择之一。     

The Crime Preventers Scheme: A Community Policing Initiative for Regime Security in Uganda

ABSTRACT

For decades, Uganda has received substantial support from development partners to implement Security Sector Reforms (SSR). Using the crime preventers’ scheme that has been implemented by Uganda Police as an element of community policing, I argue that SSR achievements in the country seem unclear and limited. Based on an ethnographic study I illustrate that the widespread crime preventers’ scheme has had contrasting effects on the Ugandan security architecture. The scheme seems to have reduced the police-citizens social distance and augmented police presence while simultaneously cased operational excesses and is routinely used in regime security strategies. To provide a better conceptualization I ask and answer a number of questions; how and why has the crime preventers’ scheme been initiated? How is the scheme related to community policing as we know it? What is the political role of the crime preventers? What motivates people to become active members of the crime preventers’ scheme? How does the scheme empirically operate?     

Do exemptions undermine environmental policy support? An experimental stress test on the odd‐even road space rationing policy in India

Policies sometimes exempt particular categories of regulatees for reasons of equity and political feasibility. Will the non‐exempt oppose the policy because they shoulder all of the policy costs? We outline an analytic framework for “stress testing” public support among the non‐exempt when they are provided negative information about exemptions and reduced policy effectiveness. Empirically, we study public support for the odd‐even road space rationing policy in India. Using a survey experiment with 2,182 car owners in Bangalore, we find considerable baseline support for this policy. While support among the non‐exempt erodes when they are told about exemptions, there is no additional erosion when they are told that exemptions reduce policy effectiveness. This suggests that the perception of fairness, not policy efficacy, drives the erosion of support among the non‐exempt. Yet the policy survives the stress test because the majority of respondents continue to support it, in spite of support erosion among the non‐exempt.