Emotions,reason, and character

Utilizing a contractualist framework for understanding the basis and limits for the use of force by police, this article offers five limiting principles—respect for status as moral agents, proportionality, minimum force necessary, ends likely to be accomplished, and appropriate motivation—and then discusses uses of force that violate or risk violating those principles. These include, but are not limited to, unseemly invasions, strip searches, perp walks, handcuffing practices, post-chase apprehensions, contempt-of-cop arrests, overuse of intermediate force measures, coerced confessions, profiling, stop and frisk practices, and the administration of street justice.     

精神障碍医学鉴定制度设计及相关问题探究

《精神卫生法》对于精神病人合法权益的保障、社会安全防卫作用的实现具有重要意义,其不仅能为精神病患者和监护人提供非自愿住院治疗的救济渠道,在一定程度上避免“被精神病”现象的发生,同时能够保障社会公共秩序和社会公众人身安全.在对精神障碍医学鉴定的制度设计及作用进行分析的基础之上,正确辨析精神障碍医学鉴定的实施主体以及管理模式、并对精神障碍医学鉴定的实施主体、要求、委托主体等有关内容进行阐述,以期为精神障碍医学鉴定制度的良性运行提供保障.     

社会规则理论与作为制度事实的法律

哈特的社会规则理论直接应对的是如何解释法律约束或法律义务的来源问题。他虽然在聚合行为和批判反思态度的基础上界定法律的约束力,但《法律的概念》实际上并没有阐明其中的内在机理。哈特的理论与约翰·塞尔有关制度事实理论之间存在密切的关联。在塞尔的理论中,制度事实因集体意向性、功能归属和构成性规则而产生,无论其原始材料为何。作为一种特殊的存在,制度事实及其逻辑结构本身就已经证明相关权力的存在。借助这一思路,法律也可以被视为制度事实,这种制度事实的原始材料是各种言行行为,而哈特的承认规则相当于构成性规则。如此一来,套用塞尔的理论,社会规则理论对法律的约束力解释力便可获得深化和加强。     

附条件不起诉制度的性质与适用

附条件不起诉决定是基于未成年人的不起诉期待性,中止审查起诉程序,启动考察期,最终所作的不起诉决定是一种相对不起诉。附条件不起诉在适用中要把握适用原则,注重解决评估机制,被害人权益的保护,强制措施变更及落实考察、制约等具体问题,以保证适用效果。     

公安队伍执行力的影响因素分析——基于公安组织内部个体、制度和文化的视角

执行力是公安工作的生命力。公安队伍执行力是指履行政治和社会职能、克服工作障碍、提高工作质量、增强工作效果的能力。领导权力、组织制度和组织文化等直接影响着警务活动的开展和队伍管理制度的执行,成为影响公安队伍执行力的重要因素。     

The Difficult Task of Assessing Perimortem and Postmortem Fractures on the Skeleton: A Blind Text on 210 Fractures of Known Origin

The distinction between perimortem and postmortem fractures is an important challenge for forensic anthropology. Such a crucial task is presently based on macro‐morphological criteria widely accepted in the scientific community. However, several limits affect these parameters which have not yet been investigated thoroughly. This study aims at highlighting the pitfalls and errors in evaluating perimortem or postmortem fractures. Two trained forensic anthropologists were asked to classify 210 fractures of known origin in four skeletons (three victims of blunt force trauma and one natural death) as perimortem, postmortem, or dubious, twice in 6 months in order to assess intraobserver error also. Results show large errors, ranging from 14.8 to 37% for perimortem fractures and from 5.5 to 14.8% for postmortem ones; more than 80% of errors concerned trabecular bone. This supports the need for more objective and reliable criteria for a correct assessment of peri‐ and postmortem bone fractures.     

Sharp Force Injury Fatalities: A Retrospective Study (1982–2012) in Brescia (Italy)

A retrospective study was carried out on postmortem examination data of 131 sharp force‐related casualties recorded by the Brescia Institute of Forensic Medicine between 1982 and 2012. The objective was to identify relevant parameters that may be used to distinguish the manner of deaths between homicide, suicide, and accident. The following variables were considered: manner of death; demographic data; scene; type of sharp object; location and numbers of wounds; the presence of hesitation marks/defense wounds; toxicological findings; psychiatric history. There were 92 homicides, 28 suicides, and 11 accidents. Most victims were male, with an average age of 43. Injuries in isolation were present in 9.8% of homicides, in 35.7% of suicides, and in 54.5% of accidents. Most injuries involved the left anterior chest in homicides and the forearms in suicides. This study underlines the importance of a meticulous postmortem examination of injuries on the body and their relationship with other results from the death scene investigation.     

试论尼采哲学对当代大学生的思想启示

尼采哲学作为西方哲学的重要组成部分,对后世产生了重要影响。试图通过对尼采主要哲学思想的勾勒,即以强力意志为基础的世界观、以强力意志为基础的伦理观、以强力意志为基础的超人哲学,力图以马克思主义的理论和方法发掘其哲学对大学生的思想启示,以此来帮助他们树立正确的世界观、人生观和价值观。     

禁止重复追诉相关概念辨析

法学界,既判力、一事不再理和禁止双重危险的界定一向不尽清晰,在理论与实践中均造成了一定的混乱。既判力的基本目的乃是确保实体判决之确定性和终局性,禁止法院就既决事项进行相互矛盾的实体审判,具有实体法的效果,客观上产生一事不再理的效果;一事不再理仅具有程序性效力,约束就同一诉讼标的再行起诉或审理;禁止双重危险主要是保护人民的权利,间接达到确保判决终局性的目的,不以实体判决为前提,且具有争点效。三者有很大不同,不能相互替代、混同使用。     

社会主义核心价值体系的现实阐释

社会主义核心价值体系是新世纪新阶段中国共产党在思想文化建设上的重大理论创新成果,它指出了新形势下中国共产党与中国人民应该举什么旗、走什么路、持什么精神动力、守什么道德规范等四个关系党和国家前途命运的重大问题。