论犯罪心理学理论与实践的结合

犯罪人在实施犯罪行为前就已经存在的犯罪心理,如动机、需要、意志,以及实施犯罪行为时的心理状态,都会由于“个性”具有的独特性和稳定性,使其在实施犯罪过程中在无意识状态下表现出来,并因其个性的不同,在目的、犯罪类型、侵害目标的选择上都表现出差异性,这就为我们通过犯罪现场的态势和获取的证据材料分析犯罪心理并确定犯罪嫌疑人提供了理论依据,使我们识别犯罪人成为一种可能。     

犯罪人分类标准新探——以犯罪人格为视角

在犯罪人分类的标准选择上一直存在客观主义和主观主义之争,但是单纯的客观主义标准或主观主义标准无法对犯罪人进行科学的分类."犯罪人格"的概念因为其丰富的内涵,能够成为划分犯罪人的科学标准.建立以"人格"为标准的犯罪学分类理论,应当成为犯罪学的发展方向.     

法人制度与民法人格权编的体系构建

人格权编的构建是民法典起草过程中的争论焦点之一 ,学者们对此也是见仁见智。为促成人格权立法的突破 ,本文没有沿袭学者们的惯常思路 ,而是从全新的视角将人格权与作为民事主体制度重要内容的法人制度相联系 ,分析法人民事主体地位的取得及其人格权利的确立对构建民法人格权体系的影响 ,为这一理论争议提供了解决方案     

一人公司法人人格否认问题研究

一人公司是我国新修订的公司法规定的新制度,自其诞生以来,便存在正反两方面的社会效应。其反面效应主要表现为一人股东对公司法人人格的滥用。一旦发生此种情形,就应否定一人公司的法人人格,将股东与公司视为一个整体,由股东与公司承担连带责任,这实际上是对有限责任的一种反向限制。     

肖像权保护的立法模式与现实选择——兼评刘翔肖像侵权纠纷案

对肖像权的法律保护,世界各国主要有人格权法和著作权法两种立法模式。著作权人在职业范围内合理使用他人肖像不构成侵权,但以营利为目的不应成为肖像权侵权的必要条件。著作权的行使不能以牺牲他人的肖像利益为前提,在著作权人转让其带有他人肖像权的作品时,应事先征得肖像权人的同意。否则,只要权利人在行使著作权时超出了对肖像权人利益的合理注意程度,就应当依法承担民事责任。     

犯罪人格视野下累犯从重处罚根据及预防

以表征人身危险性的犯罪人格阐释累犯从重处罚的根据，不仅更切合实际，而且能使刑事政策合理化，有效预防累犯再犯罪。矫正犯罪人格预防累犯再犯罪的途径有：实行行刑个别化，改善累犯犯罪人格；设立更生保护制度，巩固改善犯罪人格的成果；营造良好的社会环境，控制累犯犯罪心理的生成；提高累犯自身素质，增强其免疫犯罪的能力。     

新警人格状况研究

目的:了解新招录的人民警察的人格状况和心理特征。方法:采用卡特尔16种人格问卷(16PF)对某省新招录的基层公安民警进行心理测评。结果:(1)新民警的多数因子与常模存在明显差异;(2)男新警与女新警、山区新警与沿海新警在某些特质方面存在显著的差异。对策:(1)了解新警的个性特征、合理分配新警的工作岗位;(2)开展有针对性的心理教育与训练工作。     

Psychopathy,Treatment Involvement,and Subsequent Violence Among Civil Psychiatric Patients

Individuals with psychopathy typically are viewed as incurable cases that should be diverted from treatment settings to environments where their behavior can be monitored and controlled. The prevailing clinical conviction that psychopaths are untreatable has crucial implications, given the scarcity of mental health care resources, the number of legal contexts that call for assessment of treatability, and the explosion of research on psychopathy and violence risk over recent years. Based on a sample of 871 civil psychiatric patients (including 195 potentially psychopathic and 72 psychopathic patients), this study explores the relations among psychopathy, receipt of outpatient mental health services in real-world settings, and subsequent violence in the community. The results suggest that psychopathic traits do not moderate the effect of treatment involvement on violence, even after controlling statistically for the treatment assignment process. Psychopathic patients appear as likely as nonpsychopathic patients to benefit from adequate doses of treatment, in terms of violence reduction. We interpret these results in light of prior research with offenders and analyze their implications for future research, policy, and practice.     

巨灾损失呼唤个人破产制度

汶川地震,凸显了破产法缺失个人破产制度。个人破产法应尽早进入立法视野。应借鉴企业破产制度中的破产财产制度、破产和解制度,建立个人破产的相关制度,并制定相应的监督制度,更好地发挥破产的价值功能以维护债权人的合法利益,给债务人重生的机会。     

Subnuclear renal tubular vacuoles in alcohol use disorder

Subnuclear vacuoles in the proximal renal tubules have been reported as a histologic sign of ketoacidosis. Originally described in diabetic ketoacidosis, renal vacuoles can be found in other ketogenic states such as alcoholic ketoacidosis (AKA), starvation, and hypothermia, underpinned by deranged fatty acid metabolism. A retrospective analysis of 133 deaths associated with alcohol use disorder (AUD) examined at autopsy between 2017 and 2020 was undertaken. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of subnuclear vacuoles in deaths of those with AUD and their specificity for deaths from AKA, and to elucidate what demographic, biochemical, and pathologic findings are associated with subnuclear vacuoles. In each case, vitreous humor biochemistry including electrolytes, glucose, and beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) was analyzed alongside postmortem hemoglobin A1c and renal and liver histology. Renal histology was graded for the presence of vacuoles as absent (0), scanty (1), or easily identifiable (2). Liver histology was graded for steatosis and for fibrosis if Masson trichrome staining was available. Vacuoles were commonly seen in the deaths of those with AUD. They were seen in deaths due to AKA but were not specific to that cause of death. With vacuoles present, lower vitreous sodium (139 vs. 142 mmol/L; p = 0.005), higher vitreous BHB (1.50 vs. 1.39 mmol/L; p = 0.04), severe hepatic steatosis, and severe hepatic fibrosis were seen, compared with those without renal vacuoles.