Defendant and juror race in a necessity case: An ultimate attribution error

This study investigated whether Black and White mock jurors would commit the ultimate attribution error (i.e., over-rely on dispositional explanations to understand the negative actions of out-group members) in a necessity defense case. Participants (N = 97) read a fictional looting case, in which the race of the defendant varied. Mock jurors were expected to show out-group severity through more guilty verdicts and blame attributions. Mock juror and defendant race were not significantly related to verdicts, but for the Black defendant, White mock jurors attributed more control to him, and believed he was likely to reoffend more so than did Black mock jurors. This study adds to the literature on the mechanism by which racial bias interferes with juror decisions.     

小区车库归属问题研究——兼评《物权法(草案)》第76条

小区车库权利归属问题是开发商、业主及物业管理单位之间的主要纠纷之一.<物权法(草案)>的出台试图结束这一纷争,对这一问题进行了相关规定,但是并未完全注意到我国小区车库的权属现状,对开发商与业主之间的不对等以及我国不动产登记制度的不完善欠缺考虑.因此结合我国实际情况,对小区车库的法律归属进行全面分析,并对车库进行分类规制显得异常重要.而完善不动产登记制度也应当成为解决车库纠纷的立法措施之一.     

个人言语判别特征在短文本作者鉴别中的应用

目的以法律语言学为视角,通过测试语用、语篇语义以及语篇信息文本特征值对文本作者的判别能力,探究短文本作者鉴别或同一认定的方法。方法采用实验、语篇分析和统计的方法,对4位作者的28篇微博(每人7篇)共11种组合形式(二人组、三人组和四人组)逐一进行了文本特征值的测试和文本作者的判别分析。结果从语用、语篇语义学以及语篇信息领域抽取的5个特征值的不同组合对4名作者的所有11种判别组合都能进行显著区分,判别正确率达到85.7%~100%。结论基于4位作者微博文本的判别分类器已经建立并可以继续推演用于其他短文本作者的鉴别分析。     

Differentiating Forms and Functions of Aggression in Emerging Adults: Associations with Hostile Attribution Biases and Normative Beliefs

The purpose of this study was to extend the current literature on forms (i.e., physical and relational) and functions (i.e., proactive and reactive) of participants’ cognitions and beliefs about aggressive behavior. Participants included an ethnically diverse group of emerging adults (N = 165; M = 19.05 years; SD = 1.55) and completed a battery of self-report instruments. Gender differences for subtypes of physical aggression were found. Impulsivity was associated with all subtypes of aggression. Results showed that reactive physical aggression was uniquely associated with hostile attribution biases for instrumental provocation situations. Reactive relational aggression was uniquely associated with hostile attribution biases for relational provocation scenarios. Findings indicated links between self-reported subtypes of aggressive behavior and normative beliefs of aggression. Ways in which this study extends the extant literature are discussed.

合作作品的著作权归属和保护

合作作品的整体著作权归全体合作作者共有,各个可分割使用的部分归各作者分别享有。世界上绝大多数国家均规定以合作作者中最后一个去世者的有生之年加死后若干年对合作作品进行保护。     

为什么说“只管不收”是工商行政管理的改革目标

工商行政管理的“收管混台”使“重收轻管”一直未得到解决 ,在其“垂直改制”后仍面对收“两费”的现实。由于“收”与“管”是两种不同的运行主体 ,再结合工商行政管理的管理活动属性及目前的财政体制改革来看 ,工商行政管理应是“只管不收”。     

Responsibility attribution in coalition governments: Evidence from Germany

Models of coalition governance suggest that political parties pursue the interests of their electorate through the ministerial control of policy in their portfolios. Yet, little is known whether voters reward or punish coalition parties for policy performance in their portfolios. This study investigates voters’ evaluations of the policy priorities of coalition parties and their responsibility attribution in twenty policy areas using survey data from Germany. Specifically, we investigate whether voters attribute policy responsibility equally across coalition parties, along the jurisdictional lines of ministerial portfolios, or to the dominant party in the coalition. Our findings suggest that party size, prime minister status, and ministerial portfolios are decisive for responsibility attribution.     

客观归责论借鉴之管窥

刑法因果关系理论中较值得为我国刑法因果关系理论借鉴的有“条件说”、“相当因果关系理论”与“客观归责论”。条件说有扩大因果关系范围之虞,不过多数情况可以综合主观方面对追究刑事责任的范围限制。相当因果关系理论的“相当性”过于抽象,且有异化为法官认识的可能。客观归责理论从刑法规范出发,以危险增加为判断标准,值得借鉴。     

Responsibility Beyond Borders: State Responsibility for Extraterritorial Violations by Corporations of International Human Rights Law

States routinely provide support and assistance to their corporate nationals in their global trade and investment ventures. While states may not intend to allow corporate nationals to violate human rights in their extraterritorial operations, by their actions or omissions, states may facilitate, or otherwise contribute to, a situation in which such violations by a corporation occur. This article investigates the extent to which the extraterritorial activities of transnational corporations (TNCs) that violate international human rights law can give rise to home state responsibility. The analysis shows that home states of TNCs have obligations under international law in certain situations to regulate the extraterritorial activities of corporate nationals or the latter's foreign subsidiaries and can incur international responsibility where they fail to do so.     

论行政法关系的设定权

行政法关系的设定权与立法机关表达国家意志的权力是同一范畴的东西。行政法关系的设定权是能够由设定主体直接确定相关权利与义务的权力。这种权力与行政主体的一般行政管理权存在较大差别,其在我国行政法治中具有非常重要的地位。行政法关系设定权有相应的制度构设,用法律手段对这一权力加以调整。在设定权的法律调控价值上,应选择限权式价值;在设定权的法律形式上,最好能够通过一部法典将行政法关系的设定权予以规定;在设定权的主体权限上,必须以实体权限的规定为核心,形式要件以实体要件为转移;在设定权的程序规则上,必须有程序上的保障机制。