浅议学习型党组织建设

建设学习型政党和学习型党组织,是中国共产党人将学习型组织理论运用于自身建设的又一重大理论和实践创新,是对建设学习型社会和学习型组织世界潮流的一种呼应。学习型党组织建设是党的建设改革创新的重要课题。深刻认识建设学习型党组织的时代背景,科学把握其基本特征,深入研究和探讨学习型党组织的科学内涵及建设途径,将有助于学习型党组织建设实践的推进。     

充分发挥党校在建设学习型政党中的重要作用

党的十七届四中全会提出了建设马克思主义学习型政党的战略任务。党校作为培训轮训党政领导干部的主阵地，在建设马克思主义学习型政党中，必须充分发挥理论教育作用、研究咨询作用、党性熔炉作用和学习平台作用。     

公安院校岗位实践教学中学员自主学习能力的培养

文章从自主学习理论出发,论述了在公安院校岗位实践教学中学生自主学习能力的培养问题。教师要帮助学生明确学习目标,增强自主意识,在实践中不断反思,掌握学习方法和技巧,从而养成良好的学习习惯,提高警察职业综合素质和实践创新能力。     

独立学院学习困难学生的成因及对策

独立学院学习困难学生的教育工作关系到学校的和谐稳定和发展,也关系到家庭和学生个人的前途。独立学院学习困难学生基本有5种类型,文章从主观和客观两个方面分析了此类学生学习困难的主要原因,提出了从点和面的层面所要采取的措施和对策。     

中西文明互鉴中的三种知识汇通模式

明末清初耶稣会士来华所引发的知识汇通,是中西文明互鉴的客观需求和重要表现。中西文化交流过程中形成了三种知识汇通模式:“中学为本”“西学为本”和“中西学并举”。它们分别以“西学东源”“中学西源”和“中西学异源”学说为理论依据,在不同历史时期都曾发挥了主流作用。在中西文化交流频繁的当下,如何将中西知识实现恰如其分的对接,仍是一个十分现实的问题。明末清初以来形成的三种中西知识汇通模式或可提供一些借鉴。     

Regulating Autonomy: An Assessment of Policy Language for Highly Automated Vehicles

Self‐driving cars (also known as driverless cars, autonomous vehicles, and highly automated vehicles [HAVs]) will change the regulatory, political, and ethical frameworks surrounding motor vehicles. At the highest levels of automation, HAVs are operated by independent machine agents, making decisions without the direct intervention of humans. The current transportation system assumes human intervention though, including legal and moral responsibilities of human operators. Has the development of these artificial intelligence (AI) and autonomous system (AS) technologies outpaced the ethical and political conversations? This paper examines discussions of HAVs, driver responsibility, and technology failure to highlight the differences between how the policy‐making institutions in the United States (Congress and the Public Administration) and technology and transportation experts are or are not speaking about responsibility in the context of autonomous systems technologies. We report findings from a big data analysis of corpus‐level documents to find that enthusiasm for HAVs has outpaced other discussions of the technology.     

民族自治地方变通立法与经济特区变通立法比较研究

立法变通权是我国法律赋予民族自治地方和经济特区特有的权力。民族自治地方变通立法是基于国家基本政治制度之一的民族区域自治制度的职权立法。经济特区变通立法是为了改革和发展需要,由全国人大授权经济特区的授权立法。二者在客观依据、法律性质、立法主体、权限、范围和程序等方面都存在着显著差别。     

努力培养适应农村工作的大学生村官

实现大学生村官和农村工作的无缝对接,需要从源头上提高大学生对新农村建设的适应性,也就是要重视高校母体对大学生村官素质的培育工作。为此,要加强思想教育,培养大学生立志建设农村的情感;设置就业指导课,使大学生通过课堂了解党和国家的农业农村政策;通过暑期社会实践活动,使大学生实地感受农村生活;建立大学生与农村农民联系制度,促进大学生岗前转型;将农民代表请进课堂,使大学生不断加深对农村的了解。     

Performance of the supervised learning algorithms in sex estimation of the proximal femur: A comparative study in contemporary Egyptian and Turkish samples

Sex estimation standards are population specific however, we argue that machine learning techniques (ML) may enhance the biological sex determination on trans-population application. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) versus nine ML including quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA), support vector machine (SVM), Decision Tree (DT), Gaussian process (GPC), Naïve Bayesian (NBC), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (RFM) and Adaptive boosting (Adaboost) were compared. The experiments involve two contemporary populations: Turkish (n = 300) and Egyptian populations (n = 100) for training and validation, respectively. Base models were calibrated using isotonic and sigmoid calibration schemes. Results were analyzed at posterior probabilities (pp) thresholds >0.95 and >0.80. At pp = 0.5, ML algorithms yielded comparable accuracies in the training (90% to 97%) and test sets (81% to 88%) which are not modified after employing the calibration techniques. At pp >0.95, the raw RFM, LDA, QDA, and SVM models have shown the best performance however, calibration techniques improved the performance of various classifier especially NBC and Adaboost. By contrast, the performance of GPC, KNN, QDA models worsened by calibration. RFM has shown the best performance among all models at both thresholds whereas LDA benefited the best from using both calibration methods at pp >0.80. Complex ML models are not necessarily achieving better performance metrics. LDA and QDA remain the fastest and simplest classifiers. We demonstrated the capability of enhancing sex estimation using ML on an independent population sample however, differences in the underlying probability distribution generated by models were detected which warranted more cautious application by forensic practitioners.     

论自动驾驶汽车生产者的刑事责任

自动驾驶汽车是人类研发、制造、使用和管理的智能产品,不是犯罪主体或刑事责任主体。在自动驾驶汽车自主控制状态下发生交通事故的,其生产者、使用者和其他人员难以按照我国现有刑法的罪名定罪处罚。除非道路交通安全法和刑法有专门的规定,驾驶位人员不接管汽车或接管后无力改变交通事故结果的,不构成交通肇事罪或其他管理过失犯罪。驾驶位人员的注意义务是阻止自动驾驶汽车自主控制下发生交通事故,其注意义务不应过高。允许的风险、紧急避险理论不能为自动驾驶汽车紧急路况处理算法的生产与应用提供合法、合理的解决方案,生产者遵守算法安全标准仅可以使生产行为合法化。鉴于现行刑法不适应自动驾驶汽车应用的特性,我国应当建立以生产者全程负责为中心的新刑事责任体系,使之在自动驾驶汽车生产和应用两个阶段承担安全管理责任,生产者拒不履行自动驾驶汽车应用安全管理义务且情节严重的,应当承担刑事责任。