Secondary learning and the unintended benefits of collaborative mechanisms: The Federal Aviation Administration's voluntary disclosure programs

Along with other types of process‐oriented regulation, voluntary disclosure programs are increasingly used by regulatory agencies to supplement traditional inspection activities. Voluntary disclosure programs provide incentives, such as immunity or reduced regulatory enforcement to those submitting reports, while providing regulatory agencies with valuable information on existing risks and areas of non‐compliance. This article contributes to the discussion of voluntary disclosure programs by highlighting an important unconsidered benefit of such programs: the secondary learning they generate, above and beyond information about violations. Beyond the information submitted by firms contained in the self‐disclosures, the programs generate information and insights about the usual practices of the industry, the division of labor, typical problems, and ways to handle them – those details often invisible to those outside an organization or inside the organization but not “on the ground.” This additional information provides important benefits to both industry management and agency officials. We demonstrate the existence of secondary learning and describe the effect of the structure of voluntary programs on secondary learning with evidence from two case studies of the Federal Aviation Administration's voluntary disclosure programs: the Aviation Safety Action Program and the Voluntary Disclosure Reporting Program.     

毛泽东与延安学习哲学运动

延安时期,在毛泽东的率先垂范和大力号召、组织下,中国共产党掀起了全党范围的规模空前的学习哲学高潮,通过成立学习哲学的团体、出版马列主义的哲学著作、举办哲学演讲和哲学学习经验交流会等方式,对党的理论建设、实事求是路线的确立等起了很大的作用,取得了显著的效果。     

加快城镇建设的理性思考——以印江自治县为例

加快城镇经济发展,不仅是经济结构战略性调整的重要任务,也是优化城乡经济结构,实现全面协调可持续发展的重大举措。     

“四台一站”自主学习虚拟环境建设

“四台一站”的建设为提高公安工作整体效能和公安队伍核心战斗力奠定了坚实的基础。尽快掌握信息化操作技能、公安信息化管理“四台一站”操作技法和作战技能是时代对每个警务工作者的迫切要求。本文结合公安实际需要,采用虚拟仿真技术构建公安信息化管理“四台一站”自主学习虚拟环境,以促进信息化高端应用培训有效进行。     

高校学风建设的现状与对策思考

学风是大学的立校之本。学风建设是一个系统工程,涉及到教育理念和学风建设的思路、模式、途径、措施等,根据高校目前学风建设的现状,应从思想政治教育、校园文化建设、师德教风建设、规章制度建设、社会实践教育以及学生主体作用等方面,全面加强高校的学风建设。     

广西地区首发原发性肝癌患者体质状况调查

目的 研究广西地区首发原发性肝癌(primary liver cancer, PLC)患者体质分布状况。方法 采用中华中医药学会发布的《中医体质分类与判定》标准对147例广西地区首发PLC患者的体质类型进行辨识，对各种体质类型的频数分布进行统计学描述。结果 患者的体质类型分布为：平和质55例(37.4%)，气虚质9例(6.1%)，阳虚质12例(8.2%)，阴虚质2例(1.4%)，痰湿质6例(4.1%)，湿热质29例（19.7%），血瘀质18例（12.2%），气郁质7例(4.8%)，特禀质9例(6.1%)。广西地区首发PLC患者的偏颇体质主要以湿热质、血瘀质和阳虚质3种体质为主，PLC患者的体质存在显著的性别差异(P<0.01)。男性以湿热质、血瘀质为主，而女性以阳虚质、血瘀质为主。结论 广西地区PLC患者偏颇体质以湿热质为主，血瘀体质是PLC的高发体质。     

针刺对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力及海马内乙酰胆碱酯酶含量的影响

目的 复制拟血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)模型,探讨针刺百会、人中、大椎穴对大鼠学习记忆能力及血清和海马内乙酰胆碱酯酶(acetylcholinesterase,AchE)含量的影响.方法 用双侧颈总动脉缺血再灌注法复制VD大鼠模型,将VD大鼠随机分为模型组、针刺组和西药组.采用大鼠跳台试验检测...