“逮捕必要性”规则的适用及有效性

我国反映审前羁押状况的＂逮捕率＂始终居高不下。作为批准、决定逮捕的三个法定条件之一,＂逮捕必要性＂条件在实际适用中存在诸多困难,致其在抑制审前羁押膨胀上作用的局限。只有严把＂逮捕必要性＂的适用条件,抑制其规则的内外因素,才能更好贯彻落实宽严相济刑事司法政策。     

比较法视野中的刑事强制措施

从比较法的角度看,我国刑事强制措施制度具有立法授权的分散性和实际权力的集中性、适用对象的特定性和适用目的的单一性等特点,但在体系上过度依赖羁押性手段,在制度设计上未能充分体现人权保障的精神,司法实践中"惩罚性"地适用强制措施以及追诉机关自我授权和执法违法的现象比较突出。为了保障公民的人身自由不受非法侵犯,应当对适用强制措施的权力进行重新分配,形成以强制到案的措施和强制候审的措施为基本类型的强制措施新体系,将取保候审设计为最常用的一种强制措施,并且完善相关的配套制度,健全适用强制措施过程中的权利救济机制。     

论羁押的替代措施和我国取保候审制度的完善

我国取保候审制度存在适用范围过窄、适用程序不当、缺乏完善执行机制诸多缺陷,因而很难发挥功效。因此现代法治国家的羁押替代措施具有借鉴意义。在对我国取保候审制度缺陷分析的基础上,比较考察国外羁押替代措施,提出完善我国取保候审制度的几点建议。     

“The roughest form of social work:” How court officials justify bail decisions

Growing research has analyzed quantitative patterns of bail decisions and outcomes, but we know far less about how court officials justify their bail decisions. To enhance understanding of how bail decisions—and their resulting pretrial outcomes—are generated, we interviewed 104 judges, prosecutors, and public defenders in a northeastern state. Court officials in our study reported three primary justifications at bail: ensuring defendants return to court, preventing crime, and lessening harm. The first two justifications have been suggested in the literature, but the latter is novel and encompasses two secondary justifications: lessening criminal legal system harm and lessening societal harm. We show how these justifications and the decisions they enable blend risk management with rehabilitation and emerge from court officials’ shared assumption of defendants’ social marginality but varied beliefs about what to do about such marginality pretrial. Each justification allows for distinct, but at times overlapping, bail decisions. We discuss the implications of our findings for theories of court official decision-making, research on racial and socioeconomic inequality, and bail reform policy.     

论我国缓刑制度的创新——初步的建议与设计

缓刑作为一种日益受到重视的监禁替代措施,已经成为现代国家使用频率最高的刑罚辅助手段之一。针对目前我国缓刑机构存在着形同虚设的情况,应该设立由中央财政支持的专门的缓刑委员会,探索建立缓刑听证制度,推行缓刑保证金制度,不断推动我国缓刑制度的完善与创新。     

脱保后再投案的自首认定

取保候审期间,犯罪嫌疑人由于某种原因先脱保,后又自动投案,如实供述自己犯罪行为的,能否认定为自首,这在司法实践中极具争议。现有法律规定并未完全排除该种情况的自首可能性,关键在于查明嫌疑人是否仍然负有到案义务。认定自首虽然在某种意义上,是对于行为人自动投案和如实供述行为的肯定评价,但是未必能因此导致刑罚的从轻或者减轻。     

现代保释特征及其对我国的启示

英美法国家与大陆法国家有关保释概念的表述并不相同,相应的两大法系对于有关保释的具体制度上存在着很大的差异。但是无论是英美法国家,还是大陆法国家对于现代保释理念的理解是相同的,即现代保释是一种权利、是一种有条件释放、是一种可能导致惩罚的承诺、是一套完整的诉讼程序。这种现代保释的理念与制度对于我国保释制度的构建具有指导意义。     

美国刑事诉讼中被告人品格证据使用问题研究

对品格证据进行释义与法理分析，并从历史的角度对被告人品格证据的使用的演进历程进行探讨；在此基础上，就美国关于被告人品格证据的立法与使用问题进行剖析；最后，以美国为借鉴，初步提出我国关于被告品格证据使用的设想。     

保释制度的评析及借鉴

保释制度是指对被逮捕或羁押待侦查、审判的人提供担保后予以释放的制度。保释最早产生于英国 ,经过漫长的历史发展形成今日较为完备的一项以保障人身自由为目的的制度。保释制度为国际社会所接受是以其内在诉讼价值作为依托和支撑的 ,其所蕴含的权利保障理念对我国的取保候审制度有一定的借鉴意义。吸取其合理因素来改造取保候审对我国来说更为有利     

Policing and Crime Act 2017: Changes to pre-charge bail and the impact on digital forensic analysis

Following the enactment of the Police and Crime Act 2017, subsequent amendments to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 have seen a ‘cap’ placed on the length of time a suspect can be released on bail; a process commonly referred to as ‘police bail’ or ‘pre-charge bail’. Whilst designed to instil consistency and certainty into bail processes to prevent individuals being subject to lengthy periods of regulation and uncertainty, it places additional pressures on forensic services. With a focus on digital forensics, examination of digital media is a complex and time-consuming process, with existing backlogs well documented. The need for timely completion of investigations to adhere to pre-charge bail rules places additional stress on an already stretched service. This comment submission provides an initial analysis of new pre-charge bail regulations, assessing their impact on digital forensic services.