Social Norms and the Feeling of Justice about Unequal Family Practices

After briefly retracing the origins of the present day unbalanced division of family work, this paper article summarizes results from three studies conducted with married adults and unmarried young adults from northern Portugal. The data support the idea that (a) unequal family practices do not change because traditional practices are social norms that orientate individuals’ behavior; (b) individuals do not comply passively to these social norms but consider that the normative practices are fair; (c) normative family practices are considered to be fair because women, as well as men, seem to gain benefits from traditional family organization. The social consequences for women of the maintenance of normative family practices are discussed.

环境公平应成为农村环境保护法的基本理念

环境公平已成为我国城乡协调发展中一个严肃而不可回避的问题。本文从环境公平的定义出发,针对城乡环境不公的严峻现实,提出环境公平应成为农村环境保护法的基本理念。     

From prison guards to… what? Occupational development of prison officers in Sweden and Norway

Prison officers are a key group of civil servants in the criminal justice system. Based on a comparative study of the systems for vocational education in Sweden and Norway, this article compares policies and strategies for developing the prison officer occupation. Differences in this domain are analysed against the backdrop of theories about professionalization and growing differences between these countries concerning the ends and means of prison policy in general. Data come from interviews and documents collected in 2013–2014, as well as a rereading of data from two earlier prison-research projects. Results show that Norway is adopting a strategy quite similar to the one behind the birth of the so-called welfare professions during the heyday of the social-democratic welfare state. In Sweden, the continuing division of labour is leading to enhanced skills among some specialized subgroups, such as security and programme staff, but a reduction in qualifications for the majority. The study should be of interest in relation to different strategies for developing the work of prison officers as well as of other categories of public servants. It points to growing differences between two welfare regimes that used to be quite similar, not least concerning the prison policy field.     

Extra-parliamentary behaviour in Northern Ireland: MLAs and constituency service

Little is known about the attitudes and behaviour of Northern Ireland’s subnational legislators (Members of the Legislative Assembly, or MLAs) beyond their activities at Parliament Buildings, Stormont. This article provides the first analysis of MLAs’ extra-parliamentary behaviour through a mixed-methods study of their constituency service. The study finds that MLAs attach considerable importance to constituency service, devoting more time to its provision than to parliamentary duties. Noticeable variation exists between and within parties in terms of constituency service effort, although unionist MLAs tend to have a stronger constituency focus than non-unionist MLAs. Variation in constituency service effort at the individual level has more to do with MLAs’ role orientations than electoral incentives. In terms of their home style, MLAs exhibit local behaviour that is more characteristic of their contemporaries in the Republic of Ireland than their counterparts in the rest of the United Kingdom.     

结果加重犯概念辨析

结果加重犯理论存在争议,这些争议在很大程度上是因为理论上对结果加重犯的概念没有界定清楚。关于结果加重犯的概念,有广义说、狭义说、折中说。通过对几种观点的比较,认为结果加重犯是行为人故意实施了基本犯罪的犯罪行为,因故意或过失发生了超过基本犯罪结果的加重结果,刑法因此规定加重法定刑的犯罪形态。主要有两种类型:一是故意的基本犯+过失的加重结果;二是故意的基本犯+故意的加重结果。     

创新农村基层党组织设置方式的理论探索

创新农村基层党组织设置就是要打破传统地域界限和单一的垂直体系,建立新型的网络系统,即在坚持“促发展、求稳定、强核心、固根本”的原则下,根据“讲实际、为实用、求实效、办实事”与就近、方便、有利于管理和服务的要求,按照“横向联合、纵向整合、动静结合、特色推进、整体协调、全面提高”的总体构想,优化基层党组织设置,以实现构建和谐农村党组织的理想目标。     

论政府信息公开原则

公开政府信息是党和政府打造＂阳光＂政府,建设公正、透明、廉洁、高效的法治政府的必然要求。但特定信息的公开可能会导致国家利益或特定主体合法权益受损,因此,在公开政府信息的同时,有必要辅之以保密原则。以＂公开为原则,不公开为例外＂体现着政府信息公开制度的立法精神和基本价值,是政府信息公开制度的基本原则。     

改革开放30年中国产业政策法研究述评

产业政策和反垄断法是国家干预经济的两种武器。其中产业政策是我国政府最常用的武器,国内学者大多从经济学角度研究产业政策。试图从经济法学的角度阐述改革开放30年我国学者对产业政策法的研究成果,力图梳理加以系统化,同时指出研究中存在的问题,以期望更高更深层次的研究成果的发表和出版。尤其2008年世界性金融危机的爆发,研究产业政策法治化以及产业政策法基本内容的问题具有一定的现实意义和实践意义。加紧对产业政策法研究,对理论和实践工作具有一定的指导意义。     

认真对待刑事搜查

刑事搜查是对公民人身自由权、财产权、住宅权和隐私权等宪法基本权利的强制干预,其理论基础是达致控制犯罪和保障人权的双重目的与平衡公正和效率的价值追求。现有立法关于刑事搜查的规定简单粗疏,侦查机关僭越立法权限加以合目的性解释,并在执法中效率优先兼顾程序,因此,需要对刑事搜查进行技术改造。     

准确理解和把握基本公共服务均等化

基本公共服务均等化关系国家统一和安全,有利于消除二元结构和完善财政体制。深刻认识其深层次涵义．确立适当的财政能力均等化体制,确定合适的基本的公共服务目标和范围,划清各级政府分工和责任等十分重要。要深入研究支持均等化的财政体制,积极推进基本公共服务均等化。