THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SELF‐CONTROL AND LANGUAGE: EVIDENCE OF A SHARED ETIOLOGICAL PATHWAY*

Converging lines of research suggest that self‐control and language may be inextricably linked. No empirical research has ever examined this proposition, however. We address this gap in the literature by analyzing a sample of twin pairs from a nationally representative data set of children. The results revealed three broad findings. First, diminished language skills were predictive of low self‐control both cross‐sectionally and longitudinally. Second, the covariation between language and self‐control was linked to both genetic and environmental factors. Third, after controlling for genetic influences on self‐control, language skills were predictive of variation in individual levels of self‐control. The theoretical implications of these findings are discussed.     

对托达罗模型前提、变量及政策含义的新思考

本文在中国二元制度的背景下,建立了一个在前提、变量及政策主张诸方面不同于托达罗人口流动模型的中国农村劳动力流动模型,指出在中国特殊的制度背景下影响农民作出外出务工决策的主要因素是其流入城市的净收益现值,并对决定这一现值的各变量进行了考察.作者认为二元的经济和社会体制限制了农民的外出,降低了农民的流动和迁移意愿.最后作者就此提出了短期内促进农民工流动和长期内保证农民迁移的政策建议.     

Spouse abuse: An integrative-interactional model

Although spouse abuse is a psychosocial problem and needs to be addressed from an ecological perspective, many clinicians confront this family issue daily. Outlined are some practical suggestions on how to deal with the abuser and the couple when one or both are clients. This work emphasizes the importance of contracts that are related to the level of work being done. Suggestions are made regarding the important considerations in the first few meetings when working with groups of men in the community. Interventions are derived from a broadly conceived cognitive-behavioral-systems perspective.     

不同身份者共同实施身份犯的定性探析——兼评犯罪共同说与行为共同说

对于不同身份者共同实施身份犯的定罪,既要反映共同犯罪的本质特征,又必须符合罪责刑相适应原则的要求。根据犯罪共同说对不同身份者共同实施身份犯时进行统一定罪,才是符合共同犯罪的本质特征的。不同身份者共同实施身份犯时触犯数罪名,这种情况实际上就是想象竞合犯,应按照想象竞合犯“择一重处”的原则,选择处罚较重的犯罪定罪量刑,这不仅符合共同犯罪统一定罪的本质要求,而且符合罪责刑相适应的刑法原则。     

Challenging interviewees during interviews: The potential effects on lie detection

Abstract

The impact of interview styles on lie detection was examined. Thirty-six truth tellers and liars (undergraduates) were interviewed in three different ways: The interview started with an information-gathering interview style (Phase 1), which then developed into an interrogation (Phase 2), and finally transformed back into an information-gathering interview style (Phase 3). On the basis of DePaulo and Kirkendol's Motivational Impairment Effect, which suggests that when people are highly motivated to get away with their lies they actually look like they are controlling their behavior, it was hypothesized that the most prominent differences between liars and truth tellers would emerge in Phase 3. The findings supported this hypothesis, and thus suggest that specific interview styles could facilitate lie detection.     

The Stalking of Lawyers: A Survey Amongst Professionals in Milan

This is the first study focused on the stalking of lawyers. The authors hypothesized that these professionals are at risk of being stalked by their clients and that this stalking is ascribable to RECON type I.B. A random sample of lawyers was survived. 37.3% of 166 respondents revealed to have been stalked: not only by clients, but also by adversaries and colleagues. Data seem to confirm that the stalking of lawyers mainly belongs to RECON type I.B. Female lawyers were at greater risk than male lawyers. In family law cases, the professionals tended to be stalked by the former husbands of the lawyers' clients (p < 0.01). Several female lawyers—but no male lawyers—were threatened with harm to their family members (p < 0.05). Most of the stalking victims described psychological effects of being stalked. Who suffered physical aggression or repercussions on work was more likely to lodge a complaint (p < 0.01).     

盗窃罪“定性加定量”罪名立法模式的否定与反思

我国盗窃罪实行的"定性加定量"的罪名立法模式违背盗窃罪典型行为犯的认知和无罪推定原则,以盗窃数额、盗窃次数乃至盗窃方式(携带凶器盗窃、扒窃)作为能否进入刑罚调整的标准,实践中还可能把定罪提前到公安机关的立案程序中,也不符合裁判消极的特征,在现实中容易纵容"小恶",违背社会正义的要求,因此,应该明确刑罚权的界限,恢复盗窃罪行为犯之定位,采用单纯"定性"罪名立法模式。     

论律师伪证罪的犯罪形态

理论界关于律师伪证罪为行为犯还是结果犯的争论,对于从理论上深入探讨律师伪证罪和保障司法实践中正确处理本罪与此罪的审理秩序等程序正当性问题,均具有重要意义。然而,无论是行为犯还是结果犯都存在或是实践中,或是理论中的问题而无法解决。鉴于律师伪证罪行为的特殊性和现实司法实践现状认为,应当赋予法官一定自由裁量权,对律师伪证罪行为从多方面因素共同考虑律师伪证行为的社会危害性,从而确定对其行为的追究与否。     

理解恐怖分子的行为激进化:一个整合性分析框架

当前在对恐怖分子激进化的分析中存在“激进化是否遵循线性的发展道路”和“思想激进化与行为激进化的区分是否必要”的争议,导致对激进化的理解存在困惑。在坚持非线性组织方式、思想与行为二分法的基础上,构建了一个分析恐怖分子行为激进化的整合性分析框架,即对经验研究中的推动、拉动和中介因素进行了区分和统合。推动因素表现为个体或群体的失控、焦虑、羞辱、不满、怨恨等负面情绪,拉动因素表现为恐怖组织提供的“圣战”、重建“哈里发国”、“末日决战”等极端主义意识形态;而人际网络、虚拟网络与大众传媒在行为激进化中发挥着中介因素的作用。理解恐怖分子的行为激进化具有一定的理论与现实意义。就理论意义而言,可以借此探究恐怖主义的产生原因。就现实意义而言,从负面情绪、意识形态、网络与大众传媒三个方面对恐怖主义进行整合性治理,能提高恐怖主义全球治理的有效性。     

《民法典》实施背景下意定监护功能异化之矫正

我国民法将监护作为补足自然人行为能力之手段，导致监护被行为能力侵蚀和遮蔽，于功能上由关爱走向限制。法律剥夺被监护人进行民事行为的自我决定权，致使被监护人不得不托庇于监护人。《民法典》引入意定监护，本为克服法律整齐划一规定之不足。但由于与行为能力挂钩，意定监护困顿于监护人选择的狭窄视角，极大地减损了功能矫正力度。解开意定监护功能异化之结，需要找寻在不违背基本法理情况下将意定监护与行为能力脱钩的办法。通过目的解释，经由解释论路径重构行为能力与监护关系，使意定监护回归本人利益保护这一立法目的，系可行的路径。对《民法典》第28条和第33条作目的性限缩，将其限于自然人行为能力欠缺情况下监护的适用；而将行为能力非欠缺时的监护，视为一个立法未予规定之悬而未决的问题，通过运用民事法理和适用民法基本原则进行调整，系可行的方式。