数字化技术在法医颅脑损伤生物力学分析中的应用

颅脑损伤是法医学鉴定的重点和难点,传统的颅脑损伤生物力学分析存在技术手段陈旧、分析数据模糊等问题。基于影像学的虚拟解剖技术和有限元分析技术具有非侵入、细节还原充分和力学数据准确等优点,在颅脑损伤生物力学分析中引入先进的数字化技术可提高鉴定证据客观性,推动学科的发展。     

Gathering human intelligence via repeated interviewing: further empirical tests of the Scharff technique

Research on investigative interviewing has only recently started to compare the efficacy of different techniques for gathering intelligence from human sources. So far the research has focused exclusively on sources interviewed once, thus overlooking that most sources are interviewed multiple times. The present study attempts to remedy this gap in the literature. Students (N?=?66) took on the role of semi-cooperative sources, holding incomplete information about an upcoming terrorist attack. The sources were informed that they would be interviewed at least once, and that additional interviews might follow. Half of the sources were interviewed on three occasions with the Scharff technique (consisting of five tactics), and the other half was interviewed on three occasions using the so-called direct approach (i.e. open-ended and specific questions). Collapsing the outcome over the three interviews, the Scharff technique resulted in significantly more new information compared to the direct approach. Furthermore, sources interviewed by the direct approach overestimated how much new information they had revealed, whereas the sources interviewed by the Scharff technique underestimated their contribution (although not significantly so). The current study advances previous research by further contextualizing the tests of the efficacy of human intelligence gathering techniques.     

法学教育的内容设定

法律人才既应该是具有特殊性素质的全面性人才,也应该是具有普遍性素质的专门性人才。法学教育的内容应该是一个丰富的知识体系。概括说来,在法学教育中,教育的内容主要有三个方面,即法律规则与技术,法律原理与理论以及人文知识与精神。法学教育的内容应是普遍性与针对性的统一。     

Two-dimensional linear analysis of dynamic bare footprints: A comparison of measurement techniques

In forensic intelligence-gathering, footprints have been shown to be valued evidence found at crime scenes. Forensic podiatrists and footprint examiners use a variety of techniques for measuring footprints for comparison of the crime scene evidence with the exemplar footprints. This study examines three different techniques of obtaining two-dimensional linear measurement data of dynamic bare footprints. Dynamic bare footprints were gathered from 50 students from a podiatric medical school using the Identicator® Inkless Shoe Print Model LE 25P system. After obtaining 100 bilateral footprints from the participants, the quantitative measurement data were collected by using three different measurement techniques: (i) a manual technique using a ruler (direct technique); (ii) an Adobe® Photoshop® technique; and (iii) a GIMP (GNU Image Manipulation Program) technique. The seven Reel linear measurement methodology was used for producing measurements using these three techniques.This study showed that all the mean bare footprint measurements on the right and left feet obtained using the direct technique were larger than those obtained using GIMP and Adobe® Photoshop® images. Differences were also observed in measurements produced using GIMP software and Photoshop images. However, the differences observed in the three techniques used for bare footprint measurements were not found to be statistically significant. The study concludes that there are no significant differences between the three measurement techniques when applied to two-dimensional bare footprints using the Reel method. It further concluded that any of these measurement techniques can be used when employing the Reel methodology for footprint analysis without significant difference.     

Contactless Visualization of Latent Fingerprints on Nonporous Curved Surfaces of Circular Cross Section—A Statistical Evaluation on the Materials as Plane Mirror

A new contactless technique for latent fingerprint visualization on nonporous curved surfaces of circular cross section was introduced by Low et al. (1). The technique utilizes a plane mirror to convey the light rays toward the inspected surfaces for latent fingerprint visualization. This research activity came up as an extension of the previous study which utilized an aluminum plate as the plane mirror to illuminate the inspected surfaces. Dulling spray was used to increase the diffuse component of the reflective aluminum plate. However, the amount of dulling spray will affect the uniformity of the illumination on the inspected curved surfaces. In this study, a study on the new materials for the plane mirror was carried out. Coated aluminum, opal, and ground glass diffusers were selected as the new materials. The performance of the new materials was compared to the aluminum based on the quality of the captured images on various nonporous cylindrical surfaces. A statistical approach known as randomized complete block design was used to design the experiment. The quality of the captured images was obtained using Spectral Image Validation and Verification. Two‐way analysis of variance and Fisher's least significant difference test were used to analyze the quality of the images. From the results of the statistical analysis, coated aluminum has the best performance compared to aluminum, opal, and ground glass diffusers.     

谈心理测试技术介入刑事诉讼

心理测试技术作为一种应用广泛的科技手段,在侦查实践中发挥着重要作用。但是,心理测试的结果能否作为刑事诉讼的证据,法律上对此并未作出明确的规定。为了进一步规范心理测试技术的应用,有必要就这项技术的产生、发展及其科学原理和测试结果在刑事诉讼中的地位等方面进行深入探讨,并建立、健全心理测试技术应用制度。     

论现行刑事技术管理体制存在的问题及改革构想

目前,我国的刑事技术和管理体制之间存在着运行规律和管理职能、市场与计划之间的矛盾,且缺乏统一运作的长效机制,因而,必须对我国的刑事科学技术管理体制进行改革,建立新型的刑事科学技术管理体制。具体来说,则应加强纯粹的刑事技术部门之间的联系,积极创建市场运行机制,合理分配资源。     

浅析铁路货盗案件作案手段的新特点及对策

在铁路货盗案件中 ,犯罪分子的作案手段也在不断地变化 :(1)选择目标准确 ,吊打车门的“智能化” ;(2 )采用技术手法 ,迫使列车慢行或停车 ;(3)内定联系暗号 ,掀盗货物的“专业化” ;(4)作案联络及运赃工具的“现代化”。如何发挥刑事技术在侦破货盗案件中的作用 ,成为摆在技术人员面前的重要课题。本文从铁路货盗犯罪作案手段的新特点和技术工作对策两方面进行了探讨。     

DNA分析与种属鉴定

种属鉴定在法医学实践中占有重要地位。现行用于法医学种属鉴定的方法主要有形态学、血清学和DNA分析技术。本文就种属鉴定的技术发展以及各种技术的优缺点做一比较,重点讨论了DNA分析技术在种属鉴定中的应用价值。     

生态环境中科技异化的技术对策

科技的应用给人类带来了环境问题,而环境问题依然需要用科技去解决。我们相信,人们能够解决自身带来的环境问题。