刑满释放人员就业歧视问题探究

刑满释放人员因受就业歧视、失业而再犯的问题越来越多,理应受到我们的关注。对刑满释放人员的就业歧视的原因在哪,是否具有合理性？文章从反就业歧视一般原理及刑罚理论论证其不合理性,并分析刑满释放人员就业权平等保护的意义。最后提出应从营造平等保护制度环境、强化歧视法律责任和实施积极行动等方面来保障刑满释放人员的平等就业权。     

招录试点班侦查讯问案例教学的实践与探索

侦查讯问学是一门应用性很强的综合学科。侦查讯问学教育的根本目的之一,在于提高招录试点班学生应用讯问知识解决实际审讯办案问题的能力。传统教学法有着自己的优势与不足,案例教学法对实现这一目的有不可替代的作用。侦查讯问学的案例教学,是教师与试点班学生之间及学生与学生之间的交流过程,课前准备及组织课堂教学十分重要,教师要在案例选择上下工夫,学生要课前预习,充分参与。实施案例教学应遵循知行合一与重在实践的原则、教师发挥主导作用的原则、引导学生成为教学主体的原则。     

论民众性诉讼情绪与司法独立——邓玉娇等案给予的警示

民众性诉讼情绪是专业性质的民意,民意是政治的,诉讼情绪是法律的,在民众性诉讼情绪面前,邓玉娇案迅速落下法槌,完成了民众对司法的一次监督。本文结合多个案例,提出了民众性诉讼情绪这一概念,论述了其特征,剖析了其价值,重点是其与司法的冲突关系和正确疏导。     

地方政府有效履行职能的影响因素分析

本文研究主题是探寻影响地方政府有效履行职能的主要因素。本文遵循实证研究途径,具体运用调查研究和统计分析方法展开研究。研究结论认为,在六个影响地方政府有效履行职能的因素中,＂法制（不健全）＂属于强影响因素,影响力最大,＂执法手段（缺失）＂、＂公务员素质（不高）＂和＂财政支持（不到位）＂三个因素的影响力居中,而＂物质条件（差）＂和＂现代技术（意识不足）＂属于弱影响因素。并且,不同区域、不同府级、不同学历和不同职务对六个因素各自影响力的认知也有所差异。     

猪圆环病毒2型XJ-SW株全基因组的克隆与序列分析

应用PCR方法对采集自新疆沙湾地区某猪场的疑似仔猪多系统衰竭综合征病料猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)全基因组进行了扩增,确定了2份病料中的PCV2的分子特征,命名为XJ-SW1、XJ-SW2(Gen-Bank登录号:JN639856,JN639857)。经对阳性样品进行克隆、测定,并应用软件进行全基因组核苷酸序列比对分析。结果显示,2株病毒的基因组全长均为1 768nt;XJ-SW1株与我国山东DE株(GenBank登录号:HM142897)的同源性最高(为97.91%);XJ-SW2株与韩国G2284株(GenBank登录号:JF317587)的同源性最高(为97.51%)。PCV2全基因组序列的进化分析表明,2株病毒为PCV2e基因亚型;对2株病毒与5个不同基因亚型的15株病毒的ORF2氨基酸序列进行比较,结果显示,XJ-SW1、XJ-SW2在ORF2的氨基端与PCV2d同源性较高,在羧基端与PCV2e同源性较高。表明,在新疆沙湾猪场流行的PCV2毒株为PCV2e,该毒株的ORF2存在一定变异。     

马泰勒虫EMA1基因的克隆与生物学特性分析

根据GenBank上登录的马泰勒虫美国株(AB043618)裂殖子表面蛋白抗原1(EMA1)基因,设计了2对引物,采用PCR技术首次扩增出我国马泰勒虫肇源株EMA1基因。将该基因克隆到pMD19-T载体后,进行序列测定及分析。将鉴定为阳性的克隆重组到原核表达载体pET-30a后进行表达,并纯化表达的重组蛋白,进行Western-blotting试验,以鉴定其生物学活性。结果,EMA1基因长819bp,编码272个氨基酸,将该基因编码蛋白的氨基酸序列与GenBank中登录的11种已知梨形虫的相应氨基酸序列进行比较分析,马泰勒虫肇源分离株与已报道的马泰勒虫(马巴贝斯虫)亲缘关系最近,其次是环形泰勒虫和斑羚泰勒虫,而与东方泰勒虫、瑟氏泰勒虫的亲缘关系较远。表达的重组蛋白是分子质量约为38ku的融合蛋白,且表达产物能被马泰勒虫标准阳性血清识别。结果表明,马泰勒虫EMA1作为一种良好的抗原分子,在虫株的分类学研究、流行病学调查以及候选疫苗的研制中有着重要的意义。     

三株鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒福建株全基因的测序及遗传进化分析

为明确3株鸭源H9N2亚型禽流感病毒福建株A/Muscovy duck/Fujian/CL/1997(H9N2)(简称CL株)、A/duck/Fujian/MH/2003(H9N2)(简称MH株)和A/duck/Fujian/FQ2/2007(H9N2)(简称FQ2株)全基因组的分子特征和遗传进化情况,采用RT-PCR方法扩增这3株病毒全基因片段,并进行序列比较及遗传进化分析。结果表明,所克隆的8个基因片段均有完整的开放阅读框,其血凝素基因蛋白裂解位点的氨基酸组成为-RSSR*GLF-,为不连续的碱性氨基酸,其静脉接种指数远小于1.2,均符合低致病性AIVHA蛋白裂解位点特征;CL株和MH株的HA基因在遗传进化上属于常见的CK/BJ/1/94群系;FQ2株HA基因在遗传进化上属于DK/HK/Y280/97群系,3株H9N2亚型AIV HA基因在遗传进化上均属于经典的欧亚种系。3株H9N2亚型AIV NA基因颈部均存在缺失,CL株和MH株的NA基因在遗传进化上属于常见的CK/BJ/1/94群系,FQ2株NA基因在遗传进化上属于G1群系。CL株和MH株的其他6个基因在遗传进化上均和经典的CK/BJ/1/94一致,而FQ2株则可能是由不同流感病毒基因亚系间发生自然重排的产物。     

International Mediation and Social Networks: The Importance of Indirect Ties

This study extends the previous literature on actors' incentives in conflict management by examining how direct and indirect links between fighting parties influence the prospects for mediation onset from a social network perspective. The paper argues, contrary to existing research, that direct links, i.e., bilateral ties between warring parties, do not notably increase the likelihood of mediation. Rather, indirect links, i.e., ties that connect two states via one or more than one third party to each other, are more likely to determine whether a conflict sees mediation. Although direct links can indicate mutual interests, shared preferences, and decreased uncertainty between the warring parties, these ties either lose importance or become cut off when states enter a conflict. By contrast, indirect ties create a social network that involves outside parties in the dispute process, and indirect ties increase the exchange of information between belligerents and potential mediators and the chances that third parties will have a vital interest in intervention. My empirical analysis using conflict and social network data in 1946–1995 provides strong support for the theory.     

Global Energy Governance: Trade,Infrastructure, and the Diffusion of International Organizations

Why do states choose to join and form international governmental organizations (IGOs) that regulate energy policy? In this article we make three specific contributions to the literature on international cooperation and diffusion. First, we show that countries form and join energy IGOs in response to memberships previously gained by direct competitors among oil and gas producers and consumers. Moreover, we demonstrate that energy IGOs diffuse among countries that share oil and gas pipelines. Finally, we provide evidence that the institutional design of established energy IGOs impacts the development of their membership network. To test these hypotheses, we rely on original data on oil and gas pipelines and the design of energy IGOs as well as on a newly compiled dataset that includes 152 countries and covers 38 years (1970–2007). We employ both network analysis and spatial econometrics.     

Intraobserver Error in Macromorphoscopic Trait Data, ,

As part of a much larger investigation into the use of macromorphoscopic trait data by forensic anthropologists to estimate ancestry from unidentified skeletal remains, we conducted a fourteen‐year (2002–2016) intraobserver error study. Motivated by the development of a large macromorphoscopic database―which will potentially utilize data collected in 2002―quantification of observer error, the impact of technological improvements in macromorphoscopic trait data collection and observer experience is necessary. To maximize comparisons between the two samples, ten macromorphoscopic traits were assessed. Results revealed three patterns of error relating to observer experience, the introduction of new technologies, and error inherent in the method. Overall, this study found the effect of error on macromorphoscopic trait analysis could be predicted and did not significantly impact their utility.