Political-Administrative Relations in Collaborative Environmental Management

One of the central ideas of liberal democracy is to ensure broad-based citizen participation in the governance process that goes beyond simply voting. However, evidence shows that on many occasions it has been failing to do so both in the developed and developing countries. As such, this paper, based on an empirical study, analyzes the scopes, forms, and nature of citizen participation in the urban local governance process in Bangladesh. It is found that citizen participation has been nominal in the local governance process due to a number of social, political, and institutional factors, for example, electoral politics, limited citizen’s accesses to various decision-making bodies, the existence of clientelistic politics and the presence of a weak civil society.     

Citizen Satisfaction: A Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis

Governments across Europe face the challenge of responding to public demand for more valuable, responsive, and efficient and effective services. In this article we will evaluate the public services in Greece. More specifically, this article refers to a citizen's satisfaction web survey for Citizens’ Service Centers. The analysis of the data is based on the MUSA (Multicriteria Satisfaction Analysis) method. MUSA is an ordinal regression model which is based on the principles of multicriteria decision analysis. The method is an instrument to evaluate quantitative global and partial satisfaction levels and to determine the weak and strong points of citizens Service Centers. Furthermore the results of this study will help the Citizens Service Centers to develop more effective services.     

Applying Functional Analysis to the Case of a Malfunctioning Education System: Addressing System Complexity and Tangled Causes

A 4-year decline culminating in a collapse of school leaver exam results sent shockwaves through the Tanzanian state education system. Students and citizens attribute the collapse to visible deficiencies in classroom teaching, which is the product of a complex, government-administered system of teacher training colleges, schools, schools inspectorate, an examinations council, and a curriculum development institution. A model of the system is constructed and ‘interrogated’ to establish a research framework of key questions and propositions for functional analysis and evaluation of the system.     

政府购买居家养老服务:模式分析与战略设计——基于比较研究的视角

政府购买居家养老服务不仅是我国应对"银色化浪潮"的重要战略选择,也是完善养老制度的重要组成部分。我国老龄化日益严重,具有"未富先老"的特点。在比较分析相关研究的基础上,总结我国政府购买居家养老服务的迫切性,概括国外政府购买居家养老服务的实践,并从我国现有的法律和文件、购买模式及面临的问题归纳现阶段政府购买居家养老服务的现状。为政府购买居家养老服务提出对策建议,以期新养老方式不断得以完善与推广,更好地满足老龄化社会的需求。     

The Needs of Women Offenders

Abstract

Recent corrections research indicates that programs and community services providing assistance and training for women offenders are lacking. Using a sample of 402 female felony offenders, women's needs, including those thought to be criminogenic (i.e., characteristics and circumstances that heighten an individual's recidivism risk), are examined to determine whether certain groups of women possess similar sets of needs. Cluster analysis is used to identify combinations of needs shared within subgroups of female felons. Identification of common and co-occurring needs, particularly those associated with high risk for recidivism, can assist program staff, advocates for women offenders, and correctional administrators in determining what combination of program elements should be available to women, and the degree to which programming must address multiple domains.     

电喷雾和大气压化学法对大麻酚类物质离子化的比较

目的比较电喷雾电离(ESI)和大气压化学电离(APCI)两种模式对大麻酚类物质的离子化效果。方法采用UFLC-(ESI/APCI)MS分析方法,分别考察使用ESI和APCI时雾化电压、雾化气流量、干燥气流量、加热块温度、解离管温度等参数变化对大麻酚类物质的影响规律,确定最优条件参数组合,并比较ESI和APCI对大麻酚类物质的离子化效果。结果对于0.5μg/mL大麻二酚、大麻酚和四氢大麻酚标准品,ESI峰高分别为215 006、143 051、216 944,信噪比41.74、49.88、42.12,峰面积日内标准偏差(RSD)<3.96%;APCI峰高分别为140 238、226 505、247 753,信噪比78.37、131.03、138.46,峰面积日内标准偏差(RSD)<11.98%。结论检测大麻样品时,ESI为首选,基质复杂时可以使用APCI作为ESI的补充手段。     

GPC-GC/MS法分析血中20种安眠镇静药物

目的研究建立液液提取-在线GPC-GC/MS同时分析血中巴比妥类、吩噻嗪类、苯并二氮杂卓类、三环类和其他安眠精神类药物的方法。方法血样加入内标SKF525A,加β-葡萄糖酸苷酶水解后用乙腈沉淀蛋白浸取药物,加无水硫酸镁脱水,提取液浓缩至干后用GPC流动相定容,在线GPC净化,大体积进样,GC-MS分析。结果选择总离子监测模式,血中20种安眠镇静药物提取率在80.2%～99.3%之间,检出限小于21.6ng/mL;在0.1～10μg/mL浓度范围内工作曲线的线性关系良好。结论方法可用于安眠镇静类药物误服中毒者和刑事案件中毒者血样的分析。     

案例指导制度下的法律推理及其规则

与制定法传统下的法律推理不同,案例指导制度下的法律推理由法律规则、指导性案例、案件事实以及判决结论四个要素构成。在这种思维模式中,由于对待决案件与指导性案例作出是否同案的判断以及如何形成同判是整个法律推理的论证重点,判定两者是否属于相同案件以及如何作出相同判决的方法自然成为这种法律推理的核心方法。案例指导制度下法律推理的规则主要包括：基本参照规则、实现同案同判的认识规则、断定同案的判断规则、形成同判的约束规则、回归规则以及指导性案例选编的编写规则。上述推理形式和推理规则的系统作用是案例指导制度下法律推理得以正确进行的基础和保障。     

基于腰椎高度X线测量技术推断四川汉族女性身高

目的通过腰椎高度X线测量技术,建立四川汉族女性身高的数学模型,为法医人类学研究积累基础数据。方法收集206例四川汉族女性个体按年龄分为A、B、C 3组,其中A组(206例)不分年龄,B组(116例)为20~45岁,C组(90例)为45岁以上,并应用计算机X线摄影(computer radiography,CR)技术分别测量所有样本腰椎CR片中5个椎体(L1~L5)前缘、后缘、中央高度(x1~x15),脊柱腰段中央总长度(x16),同时测量每个个体真实身高,对各测量指标联合与身高的相关性进行线性回归分析,建立推断身高的数学模型,并重新选取62例样本代入数学模型,检验模型的准确性。结果所建立的数学模型经线性回归模型假设检验,均具有统计学意义(P0.05),回归方程的推断标准误为2.982~5.004cm,相关系数为0.370~0.779,复相关系数为0.533~0.834。对每组相关系数、复相关系数最高的方程进行回代检验,其中A组的y=100.33+1.489 x3-0.548 x6+0.772 x9+0.058 x12+0.645 x15的准确率最高,为80.6%(±1SE)、100%(±2SE)。结论本研究建立的数学模型适用于推断四川汉族女性身高。     

固相微萃取结合气相色谱法测定水样中痕量扑草净

目的建立气相色谱法（GC）测定水样中扑草净残留量的方法。方法采用顶空-固相微萃取（HS-SPME）分离、净化和富集水样中的分析物,并对实验参数如萃取时间、萃取温度、离子强度和pH范围进行了优化。结果 GC结合HS-SPME检测扑草净的线性范围为0.5~10μg/L,相关系数r2=0.999 9,方法的检出限为0.05μg/L。水样的加标回收率为101.5%~103.0%,相对标准偏差为1.01%。结论该方法适于测定水样中扑草净残留量。