The technology study of drinking water safeguard replies to the pollution of radioactive, biological and chemical substances

Facing the rigorous safe situation of radioactive, biological and chemical weapon day by day, the safeguard of drinking water, which is the important resource that the survival and development of mankind depend on, will not only face the pollution of traditional pollutant, but also probably suffer the arriving pollution of the non-traditional pollutant in the future. Therefore, in order to improve the ability of drinking water safeguard to reply to the risk of arriving non-traditional pollution caused by suffering the terror or war, it is necessary to develop the removal technique of radioactive substances, biological and chemistry war agent. The category and harm of radioactive, biological and chemical substances which the drinking water may suffer are introduced firstly in the paper. Then the removal techniques of radioactive substances, biological and chemistry war agent are brought. On the basis of analyzing the removal techniques, the combination drinking water decontamination craft of pretreatment--membrane separate--handle behind is designed. Following the craft, the experiment of purging the radioactive substances simulation, biological and chemistry war agent is done. The experiment shows that the removal rates of ten kinds of radioactive nuclide can reach 99.9% and of biological war agent approach 100%. The quality of water which is polluted by chemistry war agent can reach some standard＇s require. Therefore, the fruit of research can provide the practical technique for drinking water safeguard in the future.     

使用危险化学品实施放火案件的物证检验1例

随着科技的发展,分析仪器在刑事技术领域的应用越来越广泛,有时往往会忽视对传统化学分析方法的应用。作为检验无机粉末的常用仪器,扫描电镜/能谱仪(SEM/EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)受检出限的影响,无法准确分析样品中的低含量组分。本文在一起危险化学品放火案件检验中,为确定样品中含S元素的物质种类,利用化学分析法对其进行沉淀富集,再使用SEM/EDS和XRD检验,确认其中含有KMnO4和KHSO4,推测嫌疑人使用KMnO4和浓H2SO4等危险化学品实施放火,这在日常工作中比较罕见。通过总结相关工作经验,可为类似案事件的预防、物证提取和检验提供新的思路。     

In Vitro Effects of Household Products on Calliphoridae Larvae Development: Implication for Forensic Entomology

Several parameters can delay the first arrival of flies on a corpse and the subsequent development of the larvae. This study focuses on the development of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) (Meigen, 1826) on household chemical‐contaminated substrates. bleach, perfume, hydrochloric acid, caustic soda, insecticide, mosquito repellent, and gasoline in quantities consistent with an amount that could possibly be spilled on a corpse were mixed with beef liver to simulate contaminated fleshes. Larvae were bred at 25°C on these media until emergence. Four developmental parameters were followed: survival rates, development times, sex ratios, and adult sizes. Hydrochloric acid, insecticide, and gasoline killed all larvae. In low quantities, caustic soda and mosquito repellent increased the development time and decreased the adult size. However, high quantities of these chemicals killed all larvae. Lastly, bleach and perfume did not affect the survival rate and barely impacted the development time or adult size. These results demonstrate common household products spilled on a corpse can strongly affect the development of Calliphoridae larvae. The effects of such products should be considered in forensic entomology cases.     

The Effectiveness of the EU's Ozone Policy

Has the EU's ozone policy been effective? In other words: What caused the 90 per cent phase-out of ozone depleting substances (ODS) within the EU? Was it due to an EU-wide regulatory approach, to national circumstances, or to the Montreal Protocol? As EU's environmental policy has not been overly successful so far, it would interesting to know why ozone policy is an area where the EU and its Member States have reached targets effectively over a relatively short time. We suggest that the effectiveness of EU's ozone policy is due to two factors that together secured this rapid phase-out. First, the ozone policy was enacted by means of an EU regulation – rather than by directives – which required all Member States and all larger ODS-generating corporations to implement a ban simultaneously. Second, with the US administration making a u-turn and the increased availability of ODS-substitute chemicals, Europe saw a political opportunity to speed up the phase-out process. A limited study of the phase-out of ODS in Spain supports this argument. While the EU's ozone policy has been effective, its success owes much to particular economic and political circumstances associated with the issue of ozone depletion.     

电除尘器节电的探讨

从经典分离粒子所需能量很小的理论分析目前国内外采用的常规电除尘 ,其电场能耗还有 98%以上的潜力可挖。“软稳”电除尘技术节电是很明显的。     

Practical benzylation of N,N-substituted ethanolamines related to chemical warfare agents for analysis and detection by electron ionization gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

The benzylation of three low molecular weight N,N-disubstituted ethanolamines related to chemical warfare agents (CWAs) to furnish derivatives with improved gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiles is described. Due to their low molecular weight and polar nature, N,N-disubstituted ethanolamines are notoriously difficult to detect by routine GC-MS analyses during Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) proficiency tests (PTs), particularly in scenarios when they are present at low levels (~1–10 ppm) amidst more abundant interferences. Our studies revealed that the optimal derivatization conditions involved the treatment of the ethanolamine with benzyl bromide in the presence of an inorganic base (e.g., Na₂CO₃) in dichloromethane at 55°C for 2 h. This optimized set of conditions was then successfully applied to the derivatization of N,N-dimethylethanolamine, N,N-diethylethanolamine and N,N-diisopropylethanolamine present separately at 1 and 10 μg/mL concentrations in a glycerol-rich matrix sample featured in the 48th OPCW PT. The benzylated derivatives of the three ethanolamines possessed retention times long enough to clear the massive glycerol-containing matrix interferences. The protocol herein is introduced as an alternative method for derivatization of these CWA and pharmaceutically important species and should find broad applicability in laboratories where routine forensic analysis is carried out.     

杀虫剂麦巨丰的检验方法

介绍了合成杀虫剂麦巨丰的检验方法,特点是简便、快速、准确,具有实用性.     

芍药属植物酚性化学成分研究进展

芍药属约有35个已知种。迄今为止,研究人员已从白芍、赤芍、牡丹、日本芍药、凤丹、紫斑牡丹、多花芍药、欧洲芍药、草芍药等种的花、种子、根皮中分离得到得到萜类、苯乙酮类、黄酮类及联苄类等多种类型化合物。本文对芍药属酚性化学成分进行综述,为该属植物的研究与开发提供依据。     

Isolation and Identification of Three By‐products Found in Methylamphetamine Synthesized by the Emde Route

This article describes the isolation and structural elucidation of three compounds produced during the synthesis of methylamphetamine by the so‐called “Emde” procedure. The “Emde” procedure involves the preparation of the intermediate chloropseudoephedrine or chloroephedrine from ephedrine or pseudoephedrine, respectively. The intermediates are then reduced to methylamphetamine with hydrogen under pressure in the presence of a catalyst. The by‐product compounds were isolated from methylamphetamine by column chromatography and liquid chromatography (LC). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H NMR), carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹³C NMR), and nanospray quadrupole‐time of flight‐mass spectrometry (Q‐TOF‐MS) were used to identify them as two stereoisomers of the compound N, N′‐dimethyl‐3,4‐diphenylhexane‐2,5‐diamine and N‐methyl‐1‐{4‐[2‐(methylamino)propyl]phenyl}‐1‐phenylpropan‐2‐amine.     

我国应对日本“肯定列表制度”的措施

日本“肯定列表制度”的实施,对我国农产品出口日本造成了重大影响,我国政府和企业对此应认真研究,积极采取措施,完善相关限量检测标准体系和产品质量相关法律法规,并加强科技研发,提高我国农产品质量,增强市场竞争力,逐步恢复和增加农产品对日出口量。