福建在押未成年犯健康状况及影响因素分析

以福建省未成年管教所14~16周岁在押未成年犯为研究对象,通过文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、统计法等,对其身体健康状况进行分析,家庭教育的缺失是造成他们思想和行为"叛逆"的最主要原因,而家长与孩子之间的平等交流太少,没有给孩子倾诉自己心声的机会,一些孩子沉迷网络游戏、崇尚血腥暴力、甚至感染了"黄色病毒",网络上充斥的"暴力"、"色情"和"为朋友赴汤蹈火,为哥们两肋插刀"的心态在少年犯罪中尤为突出。因此,14~16周岁是一个人健康成长的关键期,如何使他们身体健康、心理健康还能具备良好的社会适应能力应该引起家长、学校、社会的高度重视。     

Predicting Children’s Depressive Symptoms from Community and Individual Risk Factors

Community, demographic, familial, and personal risk factors of childhood depressive symptoms were examined from an ecological theoretical approach using hierarchical linear modeling. Individual-level data were collected from an ethnically diverse (73% African-American) community sample of 197 children and their parents; community-level data were obtained from the U.S. Census regarding rates of community poverty and unemployment in participants’ neighborhoods. Results indicated that high rates of community poverty and unemployment, children’s depressive attributional style, and low levels of self-perceived competence predict children’s depressive symptoms, even after accounting for demographic and familial risk factors, such as parental education and negative parenting behaviors. The effect of negative parenting behaviors on depressive symptoms was partially mediated by personal variables like children’s self-perceived competence. Recommendations for future research, intervention and prevention programs are discussed.

The Role of Perceived Parental Knowledge on Emerging Adults’ Risk Behaviors

The purpose of this study was to gain a clearer understanding of the relation between parents’ knowledge of their emerging-adult children and emerging adults’ risk behaviors. Participants included 200 undergraduate students between the ages of 18 and 25 (121 women, 78 men; M _age = 19.59, SD = 1.62) and both of their parents. Results revealed that knowledge of the emerging-adult child’s activities varied as a function of parent- and child-reports, and that child outcomes associated with parental knowledge were generally positive, including less drinking, drug use, and risky sexual behavior (although this varied as a function of reporter). The links between maternal knowledge and lower drug and alcohol use were particularly strong in the presence of maternal closeness. Implications for understanding the parent–child relationship during the transition to adulthood were discussed.

Doing Well vs. Feeling Well: Understanding Family Dynamics and the Psychological Adjustment of Chinese Immigrant Adolescents

Despite their average high levels of educational achievement, Asian American students often report poor psychological and social adjustment, suggesting an achievement/adjustment paradox. Yet, the reasons for this paradox remain unclear. Drawing on 5-year longitudinal qualitative interview data, this paper compares the family dynamics of two groups of adolescents from Chinese immigrant families: non-distressed adolescents (n = 20) who have high levels of academic achievement and high levels of psychological well-being; and distressed adolescents (n = 18) who have high levels of academic achievement but low levels of psychological well-being. Findings suggest that the two groups of families differed in parenting approaches after migration, parent–child communication, parental expectations, and parent–child relations. Implications for Asian American adolescent and youth development are discussed.

Opening up the black box: looking for a more capacious version of capacity in global health partnerships

Abstract

Some versions of capacity building construe the goal of North?South partnerships as rendering African laboratories, doctors, scientists, and universities indistinguishable from their counterparts in wealthier nations. The specificities, histories, peculiarities, or inner workings of African institutions and individuals are black-boxed ? no one needs to know about them. This article draws on research at Malawi’s College of Medicine and the work of other social scientists and historians to sketch out a more capacious model of capacity, one in which capacity building is grounded in specificity, attends to material difference, is flexible and innovative, and involves as much learning as teaching. This model of capacity building requires consideration of areas in which the Northern partners in “global health” can be brought to the level of their colleagues in Africa.     

Financial Health in Australian Local Government: The Application of a Funding Assessment Model to Brisbane and Sydney City Councils

Local government financial viability measurement in an accrual budgeting environment poses complex challenges. Financial measures frequently generate conflicting results. A rating scale to assess financial management, constructed originally for South African municipalities (Dollery & Graves, 2009), represents a useful tool to analyze financial health trends. Applying a “Likert-like” scale to financial performance measures to assess “funding compliance”, the model in this article assists municipalities to avoid financial difficulties. To demonstrate the applicability of this model, we apply the model to the Brisbane City Council and the Sydney City Councils. Results show that the model represents a valuable aid to financial management decision-making.     

The politics of HIV/AIDS in South Africa: government action and public response

A decade ago it seemed likely that African governments would be destabilised by the impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This article tests some of the presumptions in such forecasting with an examination of the South African case. It begins with an assessment of the effects on the public health system of the South African government’s efforts to cope with the illness. Efforts to implement universal treatment of people who are HIV-positive appear to have strengthened government, while the costs have been affordable. The efforts have extended the embrace of the public health system and prompted the engagement of civil society in policy formation and implementation. Survey evidence suggests that the government has gained public approval and that its health service delivery has become more socially accountable. Civil protest to engender political reforms in the treatment of AIDS patients has enhanced the role of constitutional checks on executive authority.     

高职学生心理健康问题分析及教育对策

目前,高职学生心理健康问题呈现递增趋势,已成为严重阻碍大学生健康成长和顺利完成学业的重要因素.如何塑造学生健康完整的人格,使学生在德育、智育、体育、心育得到全面发展,已成为教育工作者共同关注的问题.文章主要从心理健康的内涵、高职学生心理健康问题的表现特征、高职学生心理健康问题的形成因素进行分析、总结,并针对高职学生心理健康问题的现状,提出几点解决和教育的对策.     

侵犯商业秘密罪立法完善探析

我国刑法将侵犯商业秘密罪规定为结果犯,给司法实践带来许多困惑.实践中司法机关被拖入重大损失的认定上,导致对权利人保护不力,使一些本应由刑法调整的侵犯商业秘密行为未得到应有的处理,应改变将侵犯商业秘密罪规定为结果犯的立法模式.     

重型犯常见的心理问题及应对策略

重型犯是指犯罪性质恶劣、情节严重以及社会危害性很大的罪犯。用症状自评量表(SCL—90)对重型犯进行了测查,发现入监初期与入监中期服刑人员相比,入监中期服刑人员在躯体化、忧郁、偏执三项因子分方面明显高于入监初期犯人,表明服刑时间较长的罪犯存在更多的心理问题。因此,综合运用各种改造手段对罪犯进行心理和行为矫正,广泛开展心理健康教育,就可以极大地提高我国特殊预防的水平。