Predictability of Physical and Psychological Violence by Early Adverse Childhood Experiences

Early Adverse Childhood experiences (ACEs) in families of origin can take the form of witnessing it and/or being its victim, both of which can lead to the occurrence of domestic violence. Given such close linkage, the purpose of the present study was to determine the predictive abilities of ACEs regarding specific types of physical and psychological violence. To do so, 50 couples from those referred to five different family courts in Tehran to seek divorce due to domestic violence, were randomly selected and administered an author’s-made questionnaire assessing different types of physical and psychological violence and the participant’s history of abuse by their parents. Our findings showed that witnessing domestic violence in childhood can predict different types of physical and psychological violence, but mostly could account for “hitting” of the physical type and “cursing” of the psychological type. Similarly, being the victim of domestic violence mostly accounted for predict “strangling” of the physical type and “cursing” of the psychological type. Such results are discussed in the context of the existing literature and underscore ACEs importance in terms of their predictive ability of various types of physical and psychological violence.     

加减参苓白术散治疗儿童特应性皮炎脾虚蕴湿证20例

目的 观察加减参苓白术散治疗儿童特应性皮炎脾虚蕴湿证的临床疗效.方法 将40例特应性皮炎脾虚蕴湿证患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组20例.治疗组给予加减参苓白术散及地氯雷他定糖浆口服;对照组仅口服地氯雷他定糖浆.两组均外涂玉泽皮肤屏障修护乳.采用特应性皮炎评分(scoring atopic dermartitis,SCORAD)分别于治疗前,治疗2、4周后对两组患儿的临床症状及体征进行评分,判定临床疗效,并于患儿治疗前和治疗4周后检测外周血嗜酸性粒细胞数(eosinophils,EOS).结果 治疗4周后,两组患儿SCORAD、EOS计数均显著降低(P<0.05),且治疗组SCORAD评分、EOS计数均明显低于对照组(P<0.05).治疗组临床疗效显著优于对照组(P<0.05),治疗组的复发率显著低于对照组(P<0.05).结论 加减参苓白术散治疗儿童特应性皮炎脾虚蕴湿证具有良好疗效,能够改善临床症状.     

不同的童年迥异的艺术世界——冰心和庐隐比较

冰心、庐隐是我国现代文坛几乎同时出现的第一代女作家,且同为文学研究会成员,文学主题几近相同,但是由于两人的童年经历迥异导致其作品的风格和情感基调截然不同.家庭的温暖和充足的母爱育成了冰心善良、温柔、文雅的性格,造就了她崇尚"爱的哲学",试图用爱来化解世间的一切矛盾.不幸的童年和母爱的缺失,赋予了庐隐敏感、悲哀、倔强、愤世嫉俗的性格,一生常常被悲哀所困扰,不得解脱,悲哀凄凉对世事不平的情绪始终渗透在她的字里行间,成为她作品的主色调.     

Sudden death in infancy due to bicuspid aortic valve

Symptoms of bicuspid aortic valve usually occur in the age group of 50-70 years, but rarely, it can also lead to sudden unexpected death in infancy and early childhood. The autopsy of a 2-month-old baby boy, found dead in his cot, revealed the heart weight as 25 g, and the macroscopic examination showed the circumference of the aortic valve consisting of two leaflets as 8 mm. The thickness of the left ventricle, right ventricle, and septum was measured as 8, 7, and 10 mm, respectively. Microscopically, the heart revealed hypertrophic changes of myocytes. Subendocardial areas displayed necrosis of myocytes, and severe and diffuse ischemic changes characterized by loss of myofibers and vacuolization. Interstitial pneumonia was identified in the lungs. Death occurred as a result of a congenital bicuspid aortic valve obstructing the left ventricular outflow tract complicated by lung infection. As there are only a few reported cases in infancy, and congenital bicuspid aortic valve can lead to sudden unexpected death, this case is presented to the forensic community.     

Family values reconsidered: a response

Abstract

It is wonderful to receive so much careful attention. But it’s also frustrating. Each paper poses important questions, and between them they cover a wide range of issues. It is challenging, on such big topics, and in so few words, simultaneously to set the record straight, to identify the various objections posed by our critics, and to respond to them in a way likely to advance our collective understanding of the issues. Still, here goes.     

An Evaluation of Childhood Deaths in Turkey Due to Yellow Phosphorus in Firecrackers

Yellow phosphorus (YP) is a powerful protoplasmic poison used in the manufacturing of matches, pest poisons, firecrackers, firework cracker, lights for watches, military ammunition, and agriculture fertilizer. YP is extremely flammable and toxic and easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we examined childhood deaths from 1997 to 2012 resulting from the ingestion of firecrackers. The patients ranged from 2 to 15 years of age and were admitted to the hospital with a variety of symptoms. Those that presented with nausea, vomiting, and hypotension rapidly deteriorated and entered a coma. An autopsy was performed in all but one of the 16 cases reviewed. Macroscopically, the livers had a yellowish discoloration with petechial bleeding. Histopathologic examination revealed acute toxic hepatitis. In conclusion, these firecrackers are found in corner shops throughout Turkey, may cause death in children with little warning, and should be banned to prevent further deaths.     

Attachment Models in Incarcerated Sex Offenders: A Preliminary Italian Study Using the Adult Attachment Interview

A group of sex offenders (clinical group: n = 19) was compared to a nonclinical sample matched by age, years of education, and gender (control group A: n = 19) to verify a higher incidence of insecure attachment models among sex offenders. In addition, we tested whether sex offenders were characterized by specific childhood experiences, compared to control adults (control group B: n = 19) with the same secure/insecure attachment classification. Results showed significant differences between offenders and control adults on both the AAI continuous score and the distribution of the two-way attachment classifications. Furthermore, sex offenders reported more intense experiences of rejection by the father figure and abuse in the family context during early childhood compared to not offenders subjects with the same attachment classification.     

The Importance of Improving Implementation Research for Successful Interventions and Adaptations

This special issue explores the theoretical underpinnings, triumphs, and challenges of implementing four early childhood education interventions. In doing so, each article highlights the importance of studying the implementation context as part of the evaluation process. This commentary reflects on the entire issue, ultimately arguing that future evaluations must continue to conduct—and improve on—implementation research. Specifically, to understand evaluation findings and scale up or adapt interventions effectively, researchers must examine implementation processes systematically, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. This includes: explaining how interventions were designed, theorizing the relationships between implementation processes and outcomes, defining the implementation phase under study, examining the validity and reliability of implementation measures, and using accessible language in reports.     

My Thirty-year Friendship with China

正China and My Family History In a gathering of friends who are all devoted to advancing Japan-China friendship,I told a story about my childhood."I went to China for the first time in 1943…"As soon as I uttered those words,others present looked quite surprised and thought I must have been wrong.Actually I wasn’t wrong.I was just 2 or 3 years old when I first came to China,so I was too young to remember everything.     

The Good Lives Model – new directions for preventative practice with children?

The study of young offenders has tended to focus on adolescents, despite knowledge that those who are engaging in criminality during childhood are more likely to experience long-lasting, life-impairing consequences. This qualitative study investigated how child offenders experience the process of desisting from crime. It was hoped that this would provide further insight for those involved with prevention programmes for young offenders. Seven young people aged between 10 and 18, engaging with the Preventing Youth Offending Project (PYOP) in the UK were interviewed, and the data collected was subject to Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Four themes emerged from the narratives, all converging on a changed self-identity for those successfully desisting. PYOP aims to enhance the lives of young people, and this approach appears to encourage this identity transformation through the provision of purposeful activity, supported education and mentoring. The increasing popularity of strengths-based enhancement approaches to rehabilitation, such as the Good Lives Model (GLM), is discussed in relation to its potential role in the prevention of criminality in young people. It is proposed that the GLM principles could provide essential foundations for early intervention approaches as well as rehabilitative measures for established offenders.