索赔人能否根据租约下的履约保函扣押担保人的船舶——the“Catur Samudra”案介绍

介绍新加坡高等法院有关船舶扣押的重要判例the＂Catur Samudra＂案。此案法官认为,索赔人在租约履约保函下的请求不是可以扣船的海事请求,因此,索赔人不能扣押担保人的船舶。从此案出发,简要讨论国际公约和主要国家立法关于索赔人可以扣押船舶的海事请求的范围。     

执行程序中船舶价款的分配

按照法律规定的船舶价款分配程序,探讨分配过程中可能出现的一些实务问题,如债权登记与受偿程序和执行中的参与分配程序的比较,债权登记的范围、期限与形式,债权分配的顺位等。     

瑞克麦斯热那亚航运公司、瑞克麦斯轮船公司诉CS海运株式会社船舶碰撞损害赔偿纠纷案——论海事赔偿责任限制“先抵销、后限制”的具体适用

海事赔偿责任限制制度有着悠久的历史,在实践中也发挥了重要作用。《中华人民共和国海商法》对海事赔偿责任限制也有明确的规定,但在具体适用上,还存在着一些不足之处。《中华人民共和国海商法》规定救助款项不属于可限制性债权的范围,但这仅针对被救助方而言。当被救助方将自己所支付的救助款项作为己方损失要求对方赔偿时,因该救助款项是碰撞所致损害的一部分,对方可以主张适用海事赔偿责任限制。如果一次海难事故一方存在非人身伤亡的赔偿请求,另一方存在人身伤亡的赔偿请求,两类不同性质的赔偿请求不能依据民法债的一般原理先行抵消,应依法适用各自的责任限额,最后再实现债的抵消。保险人取得代位求偿权后,向责任方主张其应承担的赔偿责任时,应视为＂就同一事故向请求人提出反请求＂,因此在被保险人享受责任限制的情况下,保险人的请求金额应当适用＂先抵销、后限制＂的规定。     

论国家侵权的精神损害赔偿

在现代法治社会中,对于因国家侵权而引起的精神损害,越来越多的国家给予法律上的保护,采取了包括财产赔偿在内的许多方式予以救济。对国家侵权行为不处以必要的精神损害赔偿,不能全面有效地保护权利主体的人身权利和人格尊严,对于国家侵权行为也不能有效地防止。我国已将依法治国作为国家的基本方略,对于国家侵权而造成的精神损害,采取有效的赔偿措施,确立相应的财产救济法律制度,势在必行,精神损害赔偿金应当成为诸多救济措施中不可或缺的一种有效方式。     

信用本质:经济要求权的实现——基于全球金融危机的反思

肇端于2007年初的美国次级抵押房贷危机以难以预料的方式迅速、广泛、深刻地影响整个世界的经济、政治、以至思想。金融衍生产品的极度扩张与发展,不仅使监管者、中介机构和投资者都陷入风险定价迷失之中,更因为在危机链条环节,不断创造出来的金融衍生产品将法律关系中的信用主体模糊,使得虚拟经济条件下的信用比照实体经济中信用构成要素发生很大变化。传统的信用学说并没有将股权与信用相联系,而在现代经济社会中,资本市场的重要性及其信用问题使股权与信用关系极为密切。随着现代信息技术的发展,知识已经成为资本、生产要素的组成部分,"敏捷制造"等新型的生产方式使得传统的价值链构成发生了重大变革,将知识产权纳入信用的研究范围探讨并揭示经济社会信用本质具有重要意义。     

China Has the World’s Fastest Growth in Living Standards简

正ONE of the strangest claims about China that sometimes appear in the media is that it has a slow growth of consumption and living standards.In reality China has the fastest growth of consumption of any country in the world–whether this is measured only by household consumption or includes government consumption in areas vital for quality of life,such as education and health.Furthermore,indicators show that compared to other countries,China’s quality of life is better than would be expected from its present stage of economic development.First the facts regarding these issues are established and then they will be analyzed.     

Insurance Law Reform by Degrees: Late Payment and Insurable Interest

Over the last 11 years, the Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission have worked on a joint project to modernise the law of insurance contracts. Due to the size of the project, the Law Commissions proceeded in phases and separated out specific issues for legislative reform. Their proposals have already resulted in the Consumer Insurance (Disclosure and Representations) Act 2012 and the Insurance Act 2015 which brought about significant changes for consumer and non‐consumer insureds and insurers alike. This paper examines two further areas of reform: the introduction of an implied term about payment of insurance claims by insurers within a reasonable time and a statutory restatement of the doctrine of insurable interest. It considers the old and new substantive law and provides an insight into the reform process.     

论法院诉前证据保全制度——借鉴德国独立证据调查程序的思考

为了发挥法院诉前证据保全所具有的保全证据、确定事实关系、促成裁判外纷争解决以及促进将来诉讼和集中化审理的功能,我国将来《民事诉讼法》的修订应改变传统自提起诉讼始为纷争解决的思想,借鉴德国独立证据调查程序制度,通过完善相应的证据保全类型、适用要件、实施程序以及认可诉前保全过程中与解纷相关事项协议的效力等制度,对我国诉前证据保全制度进行功能性改造,凸显其独立的程序价值。     

Historical apologies as acts of symbolic inclusion – and exclusion? Reflections on institutional apologies as politics of cultural citizenship

Institutional apologies for historical injustices can be conceived as acts of symbolic inclusion directed to people whose collective experiences and memories of the past have not been recognized in the hegemonic narratives of the past. However, in this article it is argued that such apologies also have exclusionary potential as vehicles of symbolic politics of citizenship in that they may designate the apologizing community, so that it effectively excludes cultural ‘aliens’, like migrants, from the community of ‘remedial’ citizens. The article suggests a crucial point is the rhetoric shifts when one is appealing to both cultural and political solidarity, as when apologizing in the name of the state but simultaneously invoking ‘our’ nation and ‘our’ history. Thus, the increasing number of institutional historical apologies is not necessarily incompatible with the trend of reinforcing the symbolic boundaries around ‘our’ historical–cultural communities that has been visible recently, e.g. in the demands for cultural canons and citizenship tests in many Western societies.     

当前农民的利益诉求：基于对陕北L村调研的思考

随着我国农村社会民主化进程的不断推进,农民开始享有相对较多的经济和政治权益,成为相对独立的利益主体,独立的利益主体必然会产生独立的不依附于他人的政治人格和利益诉求。构建农民的利益表达机制,特别是解决农民的政治信息资源问题,就成为实现农民从身份关系到契约关系转化的一个关键环节。