我国企业破产清偿顺序安排中的权利冲突与协调

破产清偿是破产法的核心问题。本文结合法理和相关立法,对劳动债权、担保债权和税收债权三种传统优先受偿权的顺序加以梳理,分析了三者存在的权利冲突问题,就此指出我国新破产法规定的不足,并提出了合理安排破产清偿顺序的建议。     

物权请求权行使的正当性及其限度

物权请求权的正当性能够为考量物权请求权行使的限度提供充分依据。物权请求权行使的正当性可以从人性基础、物权请求权实现自由的功能、物权的人权属性、物权法的效率价值等方面得到充分证明。在实践中,我们可以参照"伤害原则"来确定物权请求权正当性限度。     

劳动争议仲裁与诉讼请求事项程序性冲突问题研究

劳动争议仲裁与诉讼是两个独立且联系的程序,二者有其各自的程序规则和流程,但由于仲裁强制前置于诉讼程序,经过仲裁的劳动争议才可以进入到诉讼程序中,仲裁裁决与审判内容存在着牵连和制约。当事人在仲裁中的请求事项与诉讼中的诉讼请求如果不一致,将导致前后程序的冲突,进而影响当事人的实体权益。针对于此,应在对程序性冲突问题进行分析、甄别的基础上,有条件地引入相关衔接规则,使劳动仲裁与诉讼的程序对接更加畅通和严谨。     

The provenance of émigrés: the validity of measuring knowledge of places

Establishing the origin of those seeking asylum is essential but difficult as asylum seekers often cannot corroborate their origin claim with documents. The aim of the present study was to assess whether asking knowledge questions, sketch questions and impossible questions are valid methods to determine the veracity of an origin claim. Participants (N?=?105) from Tilburg (truth-tellers), Maastricht (partial liars) and Gothenburg (full liars) were asked to convince an interviewer that they originated from Tilburg. Half of them prepared and half of them did not prepare themselves for the interview. They were asked 10 knowledge questions typically asked to assess the credibility of origin claims, 4 impossible questions and 1 sketch question. Participants from Tilburg answered more questions correctly than participants from Maastricht and Gothenburg. Performance also improved with preparation. Even though the results did provide some support for the validity of assessing claims about origin by asking knowledge questions, the differences between the groups were modest, and it was impossible to correctly identify all truth-tellers and liars. Changing the output modality from verbal answering to sketching contributed to the credibility assessment of origin claims, whereas impossible questions were not discriminatory.     

论民事诉讼中的第三人

目前,我国民事诉讼第三人制度已不能充分满足社会实践的发展要求,有必要在理解、巩固第三人制度的基础上,吸收先进国家有关第三人规定的经验,科学设计,不断完善民事诉讼第三人制度。文章根据我国民事诉讼第三人的法定分类,分别对有独立请求权第三人和无独立请求权第三人进行了论述,以期丰富民事诉讼第三人制度。     

The Insurance Act 2015: Rebalancing the Interests of Insurer and Assured

The Insurance Act 2015 is the first piece of legislation since the eighteenth century to seek to lay down new principles governing the formation and operation of insurance contracts. Exactly 250 years after Lord Mansfield articulated the routinely‐cited principle of utmost good faith in insurance law in Carter v Boehm (1766) 2 Burr 1905, that principle has been recast, with important implications for both the pre‐ and post‐contractual duties of the parties. The Insurance Act has also imposed important restrictions on the enforcement of policy terms by insurers, and clarifies the law affecting fraudulent claims. The Marine Insurance Act 1906, a codifying measure, looks increasingly outmoded.     

Village Self-Government and Representation in Southwest China

Villages in China are, according to recent law, “self-governed” by villager committees, whose members are elected by villagers and held accountable to villagers and villager representative assemblies. Previous studies have focused on the institutions of self-government, assuming that, if unimpeded, they will enhance both direct villager participation in governance and the representation of villager interests. In contrast, this article focuses on local understandings and ideals about political roles and relationships, as constructed through everyday political claims and practices. The article draws on qualitative research in four villages in Yunnan, southwest China. In these villages, neither cadres nor villagers used the word “represent” to characterise the role of members of village government. Furthermore, villagers could not explain what villager representatives do or what “representative” in the title “villager representative” means. This leads us to ask: How do village residents conceive the responsibilities of villager representatives and cadres? Is the lack of reference to “representation” merely a linguistic issue, or do they have a different conception of villager-cadre and villager-representative relationships? In addressing these questions, this article aims to enrich our understanding of village self-government in China and contribute to theorising about political representation.     

回溯性求偿与国际战争的诱发

既有理性主义战争成因理论认为围绕战争的预期效用计算主导着国家冲突行为的选择。将沉没成本和各类既往互动经历纳入效用计算在上述理论路径下被视为非理性行为。这种理论偏见限制了理性主义战争成因理论的解释力。事实上，对于物质和时间沉没成本的关注导致了国家行为体互动时呈现极端的相对收益敏感。为规避特定一方的相对物质收益或时间优势过度累积而使冲突双方实力失衡，自认为处于损失框架下的国家不时地采取无法被对方所接受的回溯性求偿行为，进而使冲突双方的和解方案交集被极大限缩；加之求偿国与被求偿国判断对方所持决策框架时产生的认知落差，冲突双方的风险承担意愿随之增加，同时双方也高估对方的敌意而低估对方的冲突决心，冲突升级为战争的可能性因而增加。2022年的乌克兰危机和第一次世界大战前的军事动员竞赛可以分别论证两类典型的回溯性求偿行为——围绕物质利益争夺展开的受害者—加害者战略互动和为争夺时间优势而被迫采取的后发先至策略——对国际战争的诱发性影响。