工作时间对城乡就业者健康的影响

工作时间对就业者健康有重要的影响。研究基于CFPS2018数据,利用回归分析和Utest检验方法验证了工作时间与就业者的各项健康指标之间的关系,并计算了工作时间的临界值。研究发现：工作时间与自评健康、心理健康以及慢性病指标之间均存在倒U型关系,临界值分别为45.075小时/周、35.550小时/周、53.100小时/周,并且在城乡之间存在异质性。工作时间与城镇就业者的自评健康、城镇就业者的心理健康,以及乡村就业者的自评健康之间存在倒U型关系,但与乡村就业者的心理健康之间为线性关系,城镇就业者的自评健康临界值要大于乡村就业者。研究建议：可以提倡有限度的加班并给予加班补偿;此外,政府应该大力促进就业,尤其是提升乡村就业者的就业质量。     

金丝桃素可溶性粉体外抗犬瘟热病毒的试验研究

采用先药后毒、先毒后药和药毒同加3种不同的给药方式,分别在试验开始后第72 h和96 h观察犬瘟热病毒致Vero细胞的病变情况.结果显示,犬瘟热病毒的TCID_(50)为10~(-5.68)/0.1 mL,药物的TC_0为0.312 5 g/L;与对照组比较,药物浓度在0.039～0.312 5 g/L范围内先毒后药方式的细胞生长情况良好,细胞单层完整,视野中有极少量圆细胞或死细胞,而其余两种给药方式的细胞病变明显.结果表明,金丝桃素可溶性粉在先毒后药情况下可以有效抑制犬瘟热病毒的增殖.     

论诉讼中的亲子鉴定

近年来,涉及亲子鉴定的亲子关系诉讼案件越来越多,而我国在亲子鉴定方面的法律规范却几乎处于空白状态．给法院在审理亲子鉴定案件时如何正确适用法律增加了难度。从审判实践出发,依据现有的零星的法律规定,对亲子鉴定的提起程序、亲子鉴定结论的证据效力及其审查判断等进行分析探讨尤为必要。     

Enhancement of microcrystalline identification of gamma-hydroxybutyrate

An enhancement of the microcrystalline test for the detection of gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is described. The original test used a silver/copper reagent which consisted of 0.1 g of silver nitrate and 0.1 g of copper nitrate in 10 mL water. The enhanced test utilizes lanthanum nitrate in place of copper nitrate. A detection limit of 0.5 mg/mL was achieved and the visual discrimination was improved because of larger sized crystals. Transient crystals were observed between 0.1 and 0.4 mg/mL. Silver nitrate alone appeared to be suitable for GHB detection but was not specific as other hydroxyl acids, such as glycolic acid, produced a similar crystal pattern. Tests conducted on chemical precursors of GHB and substances with similar biological activity highlight the specificity of the enhanced test. The reagent is therefore selective and sensitive for GHB in aqueous solutions. However, in beverage testing, crystal formation appeared to be inhibited for some drinks. Citric acid was identified as a possible interference depending on its concentration relative to GHB.     

Accelerating COVID-19 testing: An experimental approach

The COVID-19 pandemic, ever since its global outbreak in 2020, has continued to wreak havoc. Governments across the world were compelled to enforce strict nation-wide lockdowns, while emphasising on social distancing and quarantining suspected people in order to slow down the spread of the virus. During this time, there was a massive increase in demand for COVID-19 test kits. However, given the limited supply, countries were finding it hard to test enough people. This study proposes an approach called Encoded Blending (EB) to increase the number of tests drastically, without increasing the number of test kits. EB modifies the pooled testing method; this has been followed by countries like Germany, Israel and South Korea for mass testing their citizens. EB has the potential to reduce test kits requirement by up to 85% and 80% in a population with 5% and 10% affected cases, respectively.     

Likelihood Ratios for Deep Neural Networks in Face Comparison

In this study, we aim to compare the performance of systems and forensic facial comparison experts in terms of likelihood ratio computation to assess the potential of the machine to support the human expert in the courtroom. In forensics, transparency in the methods is essential. Consequently, state-of-the-art free software was preferred over commercial software. Three different open-source automated systems chosen for their availability and clarity were as follows: OpenFace, SeetaFace, and FaceNet; all three based on convolutional neural networks that return a distance (OpenFace, FaceNet) or similarity (SeetaFace). The returned distance or similarity is converted to a likelihood ratio using three different distribution fits: parametric fit Weibull distribution, nonparametric fit kernel density estimation, and isotonic regression with pool adjacent violators algorithm. The results show that with low-quality frontal images, automated systems have better performance to detect nonmatches than investigators: 100% of precision and specificity in confusion matrix against 89% and 86% obtained by investigators, but with good quality images forensic experts have better results. The rank correlation between investigators and software is around 80%. We conclude that the software can assist in reporting officers as it can do faster and more reliable comparisons with full-frontal images, which can help the forensic expert in casework.     

“Name the Republic that was joined to Russia in 2014:” Russia’s New Civics and History Test for Migrants

This article examines Russia’s civics and history test, which has been mandatory, since January 2015, for millions of labor migrants applying for a work permit. An analysis of the test’s content and of the context in which it was adopted provides a strong case to study how autocracies can use civics tests as instruments of control. Specifically, I argue that the test must be understood in light of Russia’s state-sponsored nationalism, latent xenophobic sentiments, and its increasingly restrictive and incoherent migration policy. Not only are many questions irrelevant or disconnected from migrants’ everyday concerns: their personal experiences of paying bribes, obtaining fake certificates, or being harassed by the police often contradict the correct answers on the exam. While it is doubtful that this test – along with several other new requirements imposed on migrants – will dissuade foreign laborers to seek employment in Russia, it is bound to make them even more vulnerable to bribes.     

中国案例指导运作研究

中国案例指导的合理性论证及地方性实践已经很多。但是，这一制度的基本运作问题还缺乏深度的讨论。中国指导性案例的拘束力载体应当具有双重性，既有从案例归纳出的特定规则，也包括决定性判决理由。这种“双重结构”决定了指导性案例的适用是一种充满技艺的经验理性过程，其中，“区别技术”在中国本土化的分类适用是关键所在。如果预设指导性案例作为一种司法解释形式，那么“司法解释权”的内在原理就决定了案例指导运作应当有一个起码的框架性标准，引入示范诉讼机制则是利用现有诉讼以最小成本达致这个标准的选择之一。     

定量产肠毒素性大肠埃希氏菌F41黏附素反向间接血凝试验的建立

利用 F41 单因子血清 IgG 致敏绵羊红细胞,建立了定量产肠毒素性大肠埃希氏菌(ETEC)F41黏附素的反向间接血凝试验。经致敏的绵羊红细胞能被F41单因子血清特异性地抑制,且不与 ETEC K88、ETEC K99、ETEC 987P、致仔猪水肿病大肠埃希氏菌 O138、鼠伤寒沙门菌和猪链球菌2型菌液出现交叉反应,其敏感性比甘露糖抵抗血凝反应(MRHA)至少高 25 倍。结果表明,该反向间接血凝试验具有很高的特异性和敏感性,可用于生物制品中黏附素含量的定量。     

东盟5国能源消费与经济增长关系——基于生产型模型时间序列分析

基于生产型模型,采用时间序列协整分析和因果关系检验方法,对东盟5国1971—2007年能源消费与国内生产总值之间的关系进行实证分析。结果表明,从短期来看,马来西亚与新加坡是从能源消费到经济增长单向因果关系,印尼存在从经济增长到能源消费因果关系,菲律宾和泰国则存在双向因果关系。从长期来看,东盟5国都存在长期能源消费到经济增长的单向因果关系。最后,根据研究结果给出政策建议。