正交试验法优选芦根中低聚糖及单糖的提取工艺

目的:优选芦根中低聚糖及单糖的提取工艺.方法:采用正交试验法,以提取浸膏中低聚糖及单糖的量为指标进行试验.结果:最佳提取工艺为:用12倍量的800 ml/L乙醇,每次3 h,提取3次.结论:该工艺合理,有效成分提取效率高.     

英美法妨害与德国法不可量物侵害比较与借鉴——兼评《物权法》第89条和第90条

我国《物权法》的两个条文涉及了不可量物侵害制度，但条文过于粗糙，对于不可量物侵害的构成要件和救济方式的规定不够明确和全面，在司法实践中不易操作。本文拟通过介绍美国私人妨害制度和德国不可量物侵害制度对同一问题的解决路径，着重对构成要件和救济方式进行剖析，希望能找到完善我国不可量物侵害的制度设计和方法。     

重新犯罪风险评估的理论与方法

重新犯罪风险评估是罪犯出监前和社区矫正前的重要环节。重新犯罪风险评估中的难题是如何选取预测效度高的指标。提出重新犯罪风险评估模型,引入内隐联想测验方法,并指出犯罪人刑满释放前的敌意态度、特定的人格特征、犯罪风险知觉、社会适应性,可能是预测重新犯罪风险的良好指标。     

Prevalence of diatom frustules in non-vegetarian foodstuffs and its implications in interpreting identification of diatom frustules in drowning cases

Detection of diatom frustules in bone marrow (diatom test) is used for diagnosing ante-mortem drowning where the usual signs of drowning are not present in dead bodies recovered from water. However, controversies over the reliability of diatom test results are continuing. There have been indications on the possibilities of diatoms entering into systemic circulation from atmospheric air, food and drink. While diatoms have been demonstrated in the gut content of edible marine forms such as shrimps and clams, the present study, for the first time, provides empirical evidence on the prevalence as well as abundance of diatom frustules in the samples of cooked non-vegetarian foodstuffs that impend human consumption in Kelantan, Malaysia. It is found that 50 g each of cleaned and cooked prawns and of clams impending human consumption contain about 8360 and 29,054 diatom frustules, respectively. A person accustomed to prawn and clam food would be ingesting an estimated 2 million diatoms in a single year. Considering the suggestion that detection of five diatom frustules in 10 g of bone marrow would suffice for concluding drowning as mode of death, and the fact that there is yet no proof that diatom frustules do not enter into the human systemic circulation through the digestive tract, the estimated number of diatom frustules routinely ingested acquires significance since entry of a few of such ingested frustules into the systemic circulation can lead to false positive test results. The findings of this research raise two important issues: first, population based routine food related diatom ingestion requires to be estimated, and, second, studies have to be initiated to categorically prove or disprove the possibility of entry of diatom frustules into the systemic circulation via the digestive tract.     

我国心理测试结论的证据属性与定位

国外关于心理测试（测谎）结论的证据资格已得到确认,目前我国对心理测试机构、测试人员、测试对象、测试仪器、测试方法、测试环境、测试过程和测试结论等都做了程序性规定,标志着心理测试技术在国内正式进入了刑事科学技术专业序列,是对国内心理测试技术的一个全新定位。测试结论在证据的＂有限采用规则＂和补强证据的框架下,鉴于我国心理测试结论在证据价值方面存在诸多争议,＂有限采用规则＂对我国测试结论的规范使用有很好的借鉴意义。把测谎结论定位于补强证据可能会比较实用,可以辅助验证其他证据,尤其是验证证词的真伪,在我国司法领域具有广泛的应用价值。     

论警察酒精检测报告的证据效力

警察酒精检测报告是对涉嫌饮酒或酒后驾驶者进行行政处罚或定罪的重要证据。涉嫌饮酒或酒后驾驶者自愿接受呼气酒精检测后所制作的呼气酒精检测报告具备证据能力;强制涉嫌饮酒或酒后驾驶者接受呼气酒精检测所得的呼气酒精检测报告不具备证据能力;对涉嫌饮酒或酒后驾驶者在其无意识情形下进行呼气酒精检测后所制作的呼气酒精检测报告具备证据能力。在呼气酒精检测报告之证明力的判断上,由于该证据与待证事实之间有紧密的关联性,因此,只要该证据具有证据能力,就不能否定其具有一定程度的证明力。     

Swiss trade marks practice on misleading geographical indications

Legal context: Geographical references in trade marks are often used not onlyto refer to a certain territory of origin for certain goodsor services, but also to evoke desirable associations, imaginations,emotions, or ideas. The strict practice of the Swiss Trade MarksOffice often requires applicants to limit their list of goodsand services to certain countries. Key points: This abstract discusses the issues of geographically suggestivetrade marks in Switzerland, the strict test used by the SwissTrade Marks Office often requiring the applicant to limit thelist of goods to a specific country, the new stance the formerAppeals Board took in this regard, and how it was struck downby the Swiss Supreme Court, confirming the strict test of theTrade Marks Office. Finally, the article gives a solution onhow the issue of geographical references in trade marks shouldbe treated in order to match reality. Practical significance: It is important to know that the Swiss Trade Marks Office appliesa strict test when it comes to geographical references in trademarks. Usually, the applicant is required to limit the listof goods, although it is questionable whether the trade markreally suggests that the goods stem from a certain country.Foreign decisions are not binding for the Swiss Trade MarksOffice and in this regard usually disregarded.     

RT-PCR与兔体交叉试验检测猪瘟病毒感染的相关性研究

对猪瘟RT PCR诊断方法与兔体交叉试验诊断方法的相关性进行了研究。通过计算机软件设计了猪瘟病毒E2基因保守区的 1对引物 ,建立了猪瘟病毒RT PCR检测方法 ,同时应用兔体交叉试验进行对比 ,对 7份临床送检病例进行了检测。结果表明 ,二者的符合率为 10 0 % ,但RT PCR可大大降低检测所用的时间 ,更便于猪瘟的快速诊断。     

测谎检验的证明价值与法律控制要件探析——以民事诉讼为视角

民事案情纷繁复杂,有时难以甄别理清,探索完善有助于发现事实的新科学证据方法无疑是一种有益进路。测谎检验的适用尽管在国际与国内均存在肯定说与否定说之争,但其作为诉讼中探寻案件真相的新兴技术手段仍引起了各界的不断关注。相较于传统质证方法,测谎检验意见作为一种通过特殊物质化手段获取的关于案件知情人所述言词内容的真实性判断,具有客观性、科学性的优势,其更易排除主观因素的干扰,应作为证据的一种,具有一定的证明价值。通过对测谎检验技术对于真相证明意义的探讨,更关注对这种新技术的合理司法控制,拟通过证明评价僵局原则、当事人意愿原则、事实设问中的集中性原则、证据链形成原则等四个方面分析测谎检验的法律控制标准,规范该鉴定技术的适用,使测谎检验能够在民事诉讼的正轨中有序运行、健康成长。     

浅谈图像的真实性检验

随着相机的普及和图像处理技术的广泛应用，虚假图像的出现履见不鲜，与此同时，案件中需要进行真实性检验的图像的数量也不断增多。图像真实性检验是一项繁杂的工作，对于打击违法犯罪、实现社会诚信正义是非常有必要的。