A method for enhancing gunshot residue patterns on dark and multicolored fabrics compared with the modified Griess test

In using infrared or infrared-enhanced photography to examine gunshot residue (GSR) on dark-colored clothing, the GSR particles are microscopically examined directly on the fabric followed by the modified Griess test (MGT) for nitrites. In conducting the MGT, the GSR is transferred to treated photographic paper for visualization. A positive reaction yields an orange color on specially treated photographic paper. The examiner also evaluates the size of the powder pattern based on the distribution of nitrite reaction sites or density. A false-positive reaction can occur using the MGT due to contaminants or dyes that produce an orange cloud reaction as well. A method for enhancing visualization of the pattern produced by burned and partially unburned powder is by treatment of the fabric with a solution of sodium hypochlorite. In order to evaluate the results of sodium hypochlorite treatment for GSR visualization, the MGT was used as a reference pattern. Enhancing GSR patterns on dark or multicolored clothing was performed by treating the fabric with an application of 5.25% solution of sodium hypochlorite. Bleaching the dyes in the fabric enhances visualization of the GSR pattern by eliminating the background color. Some dyes are not affected by sodium hypochlorite; therefore, bleaching may not enhance the GSR patterns in some fabrics. Sodium hypochlorite provides the investigator with a method for enhancing GSR patterns directly on the fabric. However, this study is not intended to act as a substitute for the MGT or Sodium Rhodizonate test.     

检测丁丙诺啡的胶体金标记单克隆抗体免疫试剂盒研制

目的采用免疫竞争法原理,建立一种简便快速检测丁丙诺啡的方法。方法将20nm胶体金颗粒标记的抗丁丙诺啡单克隆抗体,均匀浸在吸水玻璃纤维上,将丁丙诺啡-BSA和纯化后的羊抗鼠IgG多克隆抗体在硝酸纤维薄膜分别划1mm宽的检测线(T线)和质控线(C线),制成丁丙诺啡胶体金标记单克隆抗体免疫层析检测条,并组装成检测板。结果以GC/MS为标准对照,100例样品检测结果显示,本检测板的准确率为99.0%。丁丙诺啡胶体金标记单克隆抗体免疫层析检测板在对45种药(毒)物的测试中,仅识别丁丙诺啡及其主要代谢产物。结论丁丙诺啡胶体金标记单克隆抗体免疫层析检测板在5min内可检出样品中的丁丙诺啡及其代谢物,检测丁丙诺啡的阈值为100ng/mL。     

单亲亲子鉴定的分析研究

目的从理论和实际应用方面客观评价13～15个STR位点应用于单亲亲子鉴定的准确性。方法依据中国人群基因频率资料,计算单亲亲子鉴定的非父排除率及单亲亲子鉴定的亲子关系概率,并选择有明确排除结论的104例排除案例,分析统计其中父-子二联体出现的排除指标数。结果对于单亲亲子鉴定,选用13～15个STR位点,联合非父排除率为0.9805～0.9906;亲子关系概率均大于99.73%。104例二联体排除案例中,有3例的排除指标数小于2,未发现排除指标为零的现象。结论若应用ProfilerPlus和CofilerPlus试剂盒的13个STR位点进行日常单亲亲子鉴定工作,存在微弱漏判非父的风险,必要时增加检测指标数。不排除案例的单亲亲子鉴定,其亲子概率均可达国际认定标准。     

卡方检验和精确检验在HWE检验中的应用

综述了几种不同数据处理方法卡方检验和精确检验在法医人类遗传标记群体遗传学研究Hardy-Wein鄄berg平衡检验中的应用。强调了精确检验在多等位基因标记系统,尤其是以VNTR、STR为代表的法医DNA分析研究中的重要性。     

心理测试技术由仪器讯问向仪器测试的自然转变

心理测试技术经历了仪器讯问和仪器测试两个发展轨迹。仪器测试比仪器讯问有更多的优点和可操作性规范,仪器测试是世界各国心理测试技术发展的必然结果和科学归属。心理测试技术在中国近20多年的发展经历了较长时间的仪器讯问时期,这有其存在的实践背景和认识因素,目前中国心理测试技术正实现由仪器讯问向仪器测试的自然转变。中国心理测试技术作为一项刑事技术应该按照仪器测试的特性进行技术规范。     

姬松茸液体发酵条件的研究

该文对姬松茸液体发酵条件进行了研究。考察了发酵时间对姬松茸液体发酵的影响,确定最佳发酵周期为9天.对发酵培养基中葡萄糖、豆粕及麸皮这三个组分选择了三水平进行正交试验、方差分析。结果表明发酵培养基中葡萄糖组分对姬松茸生物量的影响极显著。最优培养基组合为葡萄糖3%,麸皮1.5%,豆粕1.5%。按最优培养基组合进行发酵试验,姬松茸生物量可达到最高值8.576 g/L。     

犯罪记忆检测的涵义

犯罪记忆检测包括犯罪心理生理反应的诱导、测量、分析、识别四个成分,是一个完整的体系。犯罪记忆检测是一类犯罪心理测试,不是犯罪心理测试的全部;犯罪记忆检测可以用于刑事测谎,却不仅仅局限于刑事测谎;犯罪心理生理测谎仅仅是刑事测谎手段的一种,不能完全代表刑事测谎。     

上海地区D1S80位点基因频率分布及其在亲子鉴定中的应用

目的：将D1S80位点的DNA多态性分析应用于亲子鉴定。方法;PCR、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及溴已锭染色。结果：获得D1S80位点的DNA多态性分布数据。结论：D1S80位点的PCR检测方法可成功地用于亲权纠纷案的鉴定。     

Eyeball Position in Facial Approximation: Accuracy of Methods for Predicting Globe Positioning in Lateral View

This study measured the accuracy of traditional and validated newly proposed methods for globe positioning in lateral view. Eighty lateral head cephalograms of adult subjects from Central Europe were taken, and the actual and predicted dimensions were compared. The anteroposterior eyeball position was estimated as the most accurate method based on the proportion of the orbital height (SEE = 1.9 mm) and was followed by the “tangent to the iris method” showing SEE = 2.4 mm. The traditional “tangent to the cornea method” underestimated the eyeball projection by SEE = 5.8 mm. Concerning the superoinferior eyeball position, the results showed a deviation from a central to a more superior position by 0.3 mm, on average, and the traditional method of central positioning of the globe could not be rejected as inaccurate (SEE = 0.3 mm). Based on regression analyzes or proportionality of the orbital height, the SEE = 2.1 mm.     

构建我国青少年犯罪防控模式的思考

青少年犯罪是世界上每个国家都不愿意面对而又无法回避的难题。目前 ,青少年犯罪日益突出 ,已成为倍受关注的社会焦点问题。因此 ,对青少年犯罪的防控 ,是整个犯罪控制体系中不可或缺的组成部分。对于青少年犯罪的防控 ,要从两个层面来实现 :一是预防青少年犯罪的发生 ;二是控制、改造青少年犯罪。具体措施应从完善立法、减少司法干预、优化社会环境等五个方面展开。