Social Security and Taxation: A Note on Some Intellectual Foundations of Social Security and Taxation

This note offers a short summary of intellectual roots of social security and taxation as institutions. The emphasis is on very basic ideas, spanning a bridge from the German historical school to recent French thought. The purpose is, of course, to show the breadth of intellectual options.     

Taxing Fracking: The Politics of State Severance Taxes in the Shale Era

States producing gas and oil have long levied severance taxes at the point of extraction, commonly placing most revenues into general funds. These taxes have assumed new meaning in many states amid the expansion of gas and oil production accompanying the advent of hydraulic fracturing. We reviewed all major statutes and constitutional amendments related to severance taxes that were enacted at the state level during the first decade of the “shale era” (2005–14). There have been only modest adjustments in statutory tax rates and some evidence that states have attempted to reduce these rates, possibly in response to growing national production. In turn, there is also evidence that states have begun to pursue more targeted strategies for revenue use, including some expanded focus on responding to the negative externalities linked to drilling, expanded revenue sharing with localities, and increased long‐term protection of resources through state trust funds.     

以报国情怀铸造对外学术交流的“中国印”——财税法学研究会国际战略发展纪实

中国财税法学研究会坚持"站在中国看世界,站在世界看中国"的国际发展战略,形成了具有中国特色的对外学术交流与合作的思路、理念和原则,对外交流与合作之路越走越宽,大大加快了中国财税法学科学发展的进程。     

探析如何防范税收执法风险

随着市场经济的深入发展和依法治税进程的加快,税收征纳双方的权力和义务得到了进一步明确,纳税人的法律意识、维权意识日益增强,加之社会各界对税收的关注程度与日俱增,税务干部的执法行为受到多层次的监督和制约,税收执法风险越来越大。因此,如何有效防范税收执法风险、增强税务干部自我保护意识,是各级税务机关面临的重要课题。本文拟对税收执法风险的界定及其表现形式、产生执法风险的原因、以及如何有效防范税收执法风险作进一步探讨分析。     

马克思商品拜物教理论批判内涵与当代启示

生活在物质丰裕的消费社会中的人们感到深层的压抑和无力的反抗。对此,学者们从不同角度展开了理论批判与理论反思。本文从马克思主义哲学的视野出发,通过马克思商品拜物教理论批判内涵来解读当代中国社会日益突出的消费景观现象背后的深刻原因。本文认为,马克思通过商品拜物教的理论批判,揭示了劳动的商品化过程与劳动产品的货币化的过程也就是人的奴役过程和人的物化过程。理解马克思哲学中的商品拜物教理论批判内涵对克服中国当代社会存在的各种危机具有深刻的理论警醒意义和实践启示意义。     

关于工会经费税务代收的分析

本文对近年来工会经费税务代收的做法进行了较深入的剖析,通过实际调查分析了一些地方具体实行后出现的各种问题.笔者建议,应借鉴国外一些好的做法,使收缴的经费真正用于维护职工群众的合法权益,避免出现工会经费仅仅成为工会机关和干部的福利保障.     

Policy Tool Interactions and the Adoption of State Renewable Portfolio Standards

We contribute to extant policy theory by focusing on interrelationships between existing policies and innovation. In particular, we call attention to the link between supply‐side incentives and demand‐side innovation, which has not been systematically investigated. Our research expectation is that supply‐side policies generally will complement demand‐side policy, leading to a positive impact on the adoption of demand‐side innovations. We test this idea by examining adoptions of renewable portfolio standards (RPS), a demand‐pull approach targeted to renewable energy generation by utilities, in the American states from 1991 to 2008. Event history models show that an index of supply‐side financial incentives has a strong positive influence on RPS adoption. We do not find support for the hypothesis that this effect is contingent on in‐state carbon‐based energy generation. In conclusion, we argue that the study of policy adoption needs to give greater consideration to the interrelationships among policy instruments.     

法国对逃税的刑事制裁及其对我国相关立法的启示

法国与中国的税收制度和法律体系大相径庭。法国《税务总法》中不仅规定了逃税犯罪及其刑事制裁,还规定了税收违法行为及其行政制裁。法国实体法中规定的逃税罪的犯罪构成、概念界定、刑法制裁等方面都有我国逃税罪立法值得借鉴的地方。法国税收制度在立法与司法中遇到的问题也值得我国反思。     

碳税制度与国家战略利益

碳税制度因全球变暖问题而发端,然其平衡、保护的绝非单一的环境利益。国外相关的理论与实践表明,发达国家碳税制度有效地平衡、协调了重大的甚至是相互冲突的国家战略利益关系,同时在一定程度上限制了发展中国家的竞争优势;其碳税制度以国家战略利益为依归,形成一个以一般性条款、弹性税率、税收优惠和税收中性等内容为基石的规则体系。于我国而言,建立碳税制度不仅是建设资源节约型与环境友好型社会的需要,也是释放自身国际政治压力、应对发达国家碳关税威胁的理性选择。我国碳税制度应从征税对象、纳税主体、税率、计税依据、征税环节、税收优惠和税收用途等方面,形成完善的国家战略利益保护机制。尽管短期来看,碳税制度在各国的推行将面临国家现实利益的冲突等障碍,但共同的国家利益选择必然促进碳税制度在全球范围内的发展与实施。     

减免税立法之完善

清理越权减免税,仅仅是完善减免税制度的第一步。减免税制度的完善依赖于减免税立法之完善。从立宪主义的观点出发,本文从税收的宪法性依据、立法法修改、税收基本法制定、授权立法的角度分析了减免税立法完善之制度设计,并从预算法的角度分析了如何对减免税立法进行完善。