关于"税权"概念的法律思考--兼与张守文先生商榷

税权的主体、标的和内容不具有同质性,难以总结出一般的特性和共性,只能对税权的各项子权利作个别的描述,所以无法将"税权"定位为所有税法权利的上位概念,而只能在非严格的意义上将其视为税收权利的简称.对任何法学概念,不管是借用概念还是固有概念,都必须严格界定其内涵与外延,不根据本学科内在发展规律的需要随意移植其他学科领域、特别是政治宣传领域的名词与制度,会造成学科理论基础的不稳定以及体系的紊乱,有碍于本学科的长远发展.     

利益衡量在税法中的应用——以个人所得税为视角

利益衡量是指对发生冲突的各种利益进行估量后,考虑应置重于哪一方利益的一种思考方式。在税收领域,国家与纳税人、纳税人与纳税人、追求社会利益最大化与维护私人财产权以及税法与其他法律之间冲突的协调是税法的重要课题。广泛的利益冲突为利益衡量在税法中的应用提供了契机,利益衡量为探讨税法中各利益主体之间利益的平衡协调提供了一种方法。     

借鉴国外经验完善我国西部大开发的财税政策

西方发达国家在开发落后地区,实现区域经济协调发展的过程中,不但重视运用市场这只“看不见的手”进行调节,而且特别注意采取特殊的有利于缩小地区差距的区域发展财税政策,依靠市场和政府干预的办法加速对边远落后地区的开发,消除区域发展差异。作为借鉴,我国财税政策要适当调整,从而更好地贯彻西部大开发战略。     

税收刑事立法比较与我国税收刑事立法的完善

在对各国税收刑事立法进行比较和对我国现行税收刑事立法缺陷评析的基础上 ,我国的税收刑事立法应进行如下完善 :取消偷税罪的列举式和数额加比例式的立法方式 ,采取列举加概括式和单独数额式的立法方式 ;增设抗税罪的单位犯罪 ;增设税务代理人偷税犯罪 ;对于发票犯罪 ,按照行为方式的不同来构建法条 ,以压缩罪名。     

What explains the Differences in the Tax Burden Between Swiss Cantons?

In the present article, we empirically analyse a series of competing hypothesis that try to account for the considerable disparity in the tax burden between Swiss cantons. Three hypotheses focus on differences in spending levels: The first explains differences in the tax burden with differences in citizens' demand for government services. The second emphasizes the differences in efficiency between cantonal administrations, whereas the third insists on the more or less easy access to cantonal instruments of direct democracy. However, when confronted to the data, none of these three expenditure‐based hypotheses are confirmed by our cross‐sectional estimations. On the contrary, our regressions lend support to the hypotheses which highlights the differences in tax revenues between cantons. These results suggest that it is not differences in government spending which account for the disparity in cantonal tax levels, but differences in the cantonal endowment with resources. This indicates that some financial equalization on the cantonal level might strengthen the equity of Switzerland's tax system.     

Reforming Greece’s Tax Administration during the Financial Crisis: The Paradox of Power Asymmetry

ABSTRACT

This article examines the depoliticisation of Greece’s tax administration under the post-2010 bailout agreements in light of three alternative models of domestic change. It shows that one model (external incentives model that is based on power asymmetry) accounts for the direction of the reform but not how far the reform ended up going. There is little evidence in support of the second model (social learning) because of the absence of genuine programme ownership and evidence in support of the third model (lesson-drawing) is limited to the diagnosis of the problem. The final outcome was unintentionally shaped by key choices made by Greek governments in line with the literature on conditionality.     

V.A.T., Taxation and Prostitution: Feminist Perspectives on Polok

Debates concerning the taxation of prostitution have occurred in taxation law and in feminist literature. This article will integrate the case of Polok v. C.E.C. [2002] E.W.H.C, 156; [2002] S.T.C. 361, within the feminist legal canon. The case is discussed in the context of the argument of the European doctrine of fiscal neutrality, which dictates that, regardless of legality as amongst member states, if an activity is levied to V.A.T. in one member state, V.A.T. should be levied on it in all member states. The doctrine of sovereignty accepts the possibility that the integrity of the V.A.T. system may be compromised by the levying of tax on illegal activities, in terms of the cooperation between tax and other aspects of the U.K.’s legal system. European law, feminist law, commodification and the marketplace are all considered within the context of these principles. The article also considers the place of Polok within standard feminist texts on prostitution. Different paradigms of prostitution define different aspects of prostitution as ‘problems’, and the article considers the implications within a feminist reconstruction of Polok of this. The article suggests that the challenge for a feminist analysis of Polok is to remain within the realm of European tax and competition law, and to render the perspective of the employees of the Polok taxpayers part of the substance of the deliberations of the case.     

农村税费改革必须突破“黄宗羲定律”的怪圈

在中国历史上,多次税费改革最终都没有解决好乱收费、滥收费这一顽症,始终徘徊在"黄宗羲定律"的怪圈中.农村税费改革是农村改革的核心和关键,确保改革突破"黄宗羲定律"怪圈,首先要完善财税体制,尽快在全国范围内取消农业特产税,也要改变农村税费"孤军深入"的困境,形成农村税费改革与其它相关改革良性互动的局面.     

缩小居民收入差距的税收对策

征收个人所得税是缓解我国居民收入差距悬殊矛盾的有效办法.但目前我国个人所得税征管制度不够完善,常常出现"管得住工薪阶层,管不住新生贵族"的现象.当前只有加大税收征管力度,增强公民的纳税意识,"锁定"关键纳税人,才能充分发挥个人所得税在缩小居民收入差距方面的独特作用.     

Selective Sexual Harassment: Differential Treatment of Similar Groups of Women Workers

If male workers categorize different groups of women coworkers and, subsequently, treat them differently, the experiences of women from one of these groups would not be indicative of the experiences of women from another group. When this different treatment involves hostile environment sexual harassment of one group, but not the other, then the law must recognize the possibility of "selective sexual harassment." Without this understanding of the nuances of the workplace dynamics, a court could mistake the women of the unharassed group as representing "reasonable women" and the women of the harassed group as simply oversensitive. This paper draws on empirical data to demonstrate such a situation and advocates for a version of the "reasonable victim" standard to facilitate a closer analysis of hostile environment sexual harassment suits.