建国以来贵州少数民族地区农村土地制度变迁及其历史意义

新中国成立以来,贵州少数民族地区农村土地制度经历了农有农用、农有公用、公有公用、公有农用的变革历程。本文从历史的角度,旨在分析贵州少数民族地区农地制度的历次变革及意义,指出土地制度建设中存在的主要问题,以期为完善贵州农地制度提供必要的参考。     

民族地区高等师范院校面临的问题及其对策研究

民族地区高等师范院校面临办学理念的正确确立和一以贯之存在困难、教育资源短缺、投入严重不足、学科专业结构不尽合理、培养层次单一、生源质量不高、毕业生就业难度大、稳定和吸引人才困难、管理体制不适应发展需要等问题。本文提出这些问题 ,并给出相应的对策建议。     

Are Overlapping Local Governments Competing With Each Other When Issuing Debt?

Local public services are produced through various overlapping jurisdictions. This study examines how the issuance of municipal general obligation bonds is affected by the tax policies of overlapping local governments. The findings challenge the hypothesis that the shared tax base would be overused in a common-pool resource scenario. Instead, the empirical results show that the issuance of general obligation bonds is more likely in jurisdictions where counties and school districts make more intensive use of the property tax. These findings highlight the importance of the signals local governments receive from their overlapping neighbors regarding voters’ demand for additional public spending.     

少数民族地区高校英语翻转课堂:基于POA理论的探讨

众所周知,长期以来中国英语课堂教学"学用分离"问题较为严重。这个问题在少数民族地区尤为突出,因为少数民族地区高校的生源英语基础普遍薄弱,特别表现在英语听说和语法掌握等方面。产出导向法POA理论体系针对的正是中国学生"学用分离"的问题。文章基于POA理论,在设计和实施翻转课堂时,要求在课堂教学中,输出驱动后,一定要使相应的输入与输出任务尽可能精准对接,才能有效促成输出的顺利完成,从而有效地解决"学用分离"的问题。     

Juror adjustments to the reasonable doubt standard of proof

The standard of proof beyond a reasonable doubt is based on the law's primary motivation to avoid false conviction even at the expense of increasing the probability of false acquittal. Individual jurors, however, have common sense motivations to make factually correct decisions by avoiding both types of error. As a result jurors may interpret the standard of reasonable doubt correctly but deviate from that interpretation in predictable ways when they apply the standard in court. This study makes three hypotheses: (1) jurors are less confident when deciding on acquittal than when deciding upon conviction, (2) conviction is associated with a downward adjustment of the interpreted stringency of the standard at the time of application, and (3) a highly stringent interpretation of the standard is associated with a severe downward adjustment of that stringency at the time of application. The study asked 260 juror-eligible participants to examine a trial scenario. The participants first interpreted the stringency of the legal standard on a probability scale. They then judged the probability of the defendant's guilt, decided on a verdict, and rated their confidence in that verdict. The findings strongly supported all three hypotheses. Application and implication of the study were discussed.     

构建我国夫妻法定分别财产制度研究

我国实行法定财产和约定财产双轨制,但在目前的法定夫妻财产制度下,不能实现婚内赔偿请求。夫妻法定分别财产制度在很多国家及我国台湾地区均有规定。最高人民法院《关于适用〈中华人民共和国婚姻法〉若干问题的解释(三)》第4条规定了在夫妻关系存续期间可以对共有财产进行分割,可以认为我国开始尝试建立夫妻法定分别财产制。构建法定分别财产制,应明确该制度的适用范围、适用程序,并细化其法律效力。     

中国城乡结合部土地规制改进的探讨

目前,在土地转性和用途更改集中的城乡结合部,呈现出土地利用的粗放式、低效率、违法违规等问题,表明现有的土地规制政策有其内在缺陷,不能有效地遏制耕地资源的减少。因此,应当从明晰土地产权,完善土地征用的法律制度、程序、管理体制,加强市场机制作用等方面进行城乡结合部土地规制的改进。     

高职高专院校图书馆建设中存在的问题

随着高职高专院校教育事业的蓬勃发展,高职高专院校图书馆也迎来了绝好的发展机会,但目前图书馆自身存在的一些共性问题,阻碍了图书馆的建设进程。     

域外警察介入家庭暴力法律制度架构之探析

20世纪70年代以来,家庭暴力问题日益受到国际社会关注。为了应对这一跨越国界、人群的全球性问题,西方许多国家全面展开防治家庭暴力的法律改革,其中警察介入家庭暴力已经形成了比较完善的法律规制体系。无论在基础理论领域,还是在刑事立法和司法政策方面均有重大的发展与突破。警察有权主动介入家庭暴力,对家庭暴力的受害者采取特殊保护措施,对施暴者采取限制措施。警察对家庭暴力实施者的逮捕权也不断扩大。     

论海域使用权创设制度的立法完善

《海域使用管理法》建立了“审批为主、招标拍卖为辅”的海域使用权创设方式,以及“颁发海域使用权证书并向社会公告”的海域使用权公示制度。这一海域使用权创设方式存在缺陷,应该从以下四个方面予以完善：限制行政审批、鼓励竞争出让;允许以挂牌和协议方式出让;规定海域使用权出让合同;以登记时间作为海域使用权取得时间。