走“平民仁道”还是“精英霸道”——现代民主法治视野下犯罪构成理论的理性选择

犯罪构成四要件说和德日犯罪三阶层论的学术对垒已成为目前我国刑法学界的主要争鸣态势。刑事审判的民主性决定了犯罪构成理论应具有通俗化、大众化的特性。我国犯罪构成四要件说深入浅出,通俗易懂,体现了民主法治的精神。德日犯罪成立理论有着复杂深奥、晦涩难懂的品性,广大民众对这一理论难以理解,是一种与现代民主法治相违背的理论。现代民主法治呼唤大众化、平民化的犯罪构成理论。     

基层治理的完善和农村冲突化解机制构建

农村冲突的发生源于基层治理过程中出现的种种问题,当基层政府的治理能力弱化,无力向农民提供公共服务,或者由于与资本相结合,出现＂逐利＂行为,直接侵害农民利益时,都有可能导致矛盾的发生和冲突的激化。要实现基层的＂良治＂,需要通过基层政府部门的职能转化、上下级之间财权、事权不对等现象的重新调整、基层干部的评价方式变化,以及乡村债务的化解等方式,促使基层政府真正做到为人民服务,从而构建起真正有利社会稳定的农村冲突化解机制。     

我国房地产登记机构赔偿责任的法律思考

房地产登记机构的赔偿责任是我国当前不动产物权登记立法中的重大、疑难问题之一,理论上对此也多有纷争。从我国房地产登记的立法精神以及实践做法来看,登记机构的赔偿责任应当认定为以过错归责为原则的国家赔偿责任。在共同责任形态下,应当根据侵权责任法的原理科学分配登记机构的赔偿责任形态。同时,应当借鉴国外经验,适当限制房地产登记机构的赔偿范围,并建立以专项赔偿资金为主体、以追偿和罚款所得为补充的资金保障制度。     

构建少数民族地区社会稳定长效机制的战略意义

构建少数民族地区社会稳定长效机制,是根据少数民族地区社会关系发展规律和维稳工作规律,探索维护少数民族地区社会稳定长期效应的工作机理及其制度体系的一项重要工作。对保持少数民族地区长治久安、民族团结、经济发展与社会和谐具有重要意义。     

Reversing the ‘Tragedy’ of the Commons? Sustainable Management and the Commons Act 2006

The Commons Act 2006 is the first statute since the Commons Registration Act 1965 to address the problems associated with the management of common land in England and Wales. A key focus for the 2006 Act is the introduction of mechanisms for the sustainable management of common land, including self‐regulatory commons councils. This article examines the ‘sustainable’ management of common land in historical and contemporary perspective. It sets the 2006 Act, and the sustainable management of common land, in the wider context of the ongoing debate triggered by Hardin's ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ and subsequent institutional and post‐institutional scholarship on common pool resource management. It uses historical and qualitative research data drawn from three case studies to demonstrate the irrelevance of Hardin's thesis in an English context, and identifies the Commons Registration Act of 1965 as the true ‘tragedy’ of the English and Welsh commons. The case studies also illustrate the challenges posed by the introduction of legal mechanisms to promote the ecologically sustainable management of the modern commons, and inform the critique of the Commons Act 2006 developed in the article.     

论表达自由的界限（上）——从比较法、特别是普通法的视角切入

表达自由是自由社会的人们享有的一项带有普遍性的、根本性的权利,通常表现为宪法或法律规定的权利。鉴于各国政治和法律体制以及文化环境之不同,人们享有该项权利的普遍性和充分性存在很多差别,因此,可从比较法,特别是普通法的角度关注该项根本权利的行使及对其设定的界限和施加的限制,集中展示强加这等界限或限制的法理学说、理据以及方法和途径,并分析提出具有普遍意义的结论。     

Comparing civil law and common law systems for mergers and acquisitions An economic analysis

＂From the economic point of view, common law is more efficient than civil law.＂ Is this recent statement published in an economic report valid for mergers and acquisitions （M＆A）？ The main objective of this paper is to compare the legal performance of M＆A in France and in the United States. The purpose is to quantify the impact of both legal systems on the long-term performance of M＆A transactions. To carry out this research, a specific methodology was developed and the results of which are evaluated. Two legal structures for M＆A transactions were retained： the purchase of shares （share deal）, and the purchase of assets （asset deal）. Each of these acquisition structures was then subdivided into eleven steps composing the process, for example from preliminary information, letter of intent, due diligence, stock or asset purchase agreement, closing, to litigation with formal summons. Performance was then measured by taking into account time, cost, and satisfaction factors. The time factor was broken down into person-days and the number of days, weeks, or months required to complete each step. French and U.S. respondents were asked to fill out a questionnaire with reference to a specific acquisition project. A typical question was for instance： What is your estimate of working days to complete this step （person-days）？ Radar charts were used to compare the mean of each performance factor. In order to check for correlations among the performance factors, an inter-factors analysis （regression） was carried out. The research findings are presented in this paper. Results show that a share deal in France is generally cheaper and participants indicate a significantly greater amount of satisfaction than in the U.S. However, for the time factor, the results vary. The conclusion is that the application of the civil code rather than common law does not reveal substantial differences as far as M＆A transactions are concerned. One reason is that in both France and the U.S. these transactions are carried out following standard procedures in compliance with common contractual practices.     

论“碳政治”博弈的国际法治理

围绕哥本哈根国际法进程而展开的碳政治博弈,因《哥本哈根协议》的无约束力而造成零和博弈的结果,也使未来国际法进程面临＂双轨＂抑或＂三轨＂并进的机制选择,同时,气候变化的国际法治理仍将针对＂共同但有区别责任＂的适用而展开,国际社会如能经由＂人类共同关切事项＂明确＂共同责任＂的内涵,通过实质性公平原则而认同＂区别责任＂的要旨,推动《哥本哈根协议》的落实和发展,将在＂霸权缺失＂下的＂碳政治＂博弈中,以＂软法＂特有的张力和灵活性,维护＂共同但有区别的责任＂的国际法地位,并弥合各方分歧,促进＂为今世后代保护全球气候＂的可持续发展目标的实现。     

社会转型期农村留守儿童安全问题探析

农村留守儿童作为社会中的边缘群体,具有有别于其他青少年群体的特征,他们在成长过程中面临着诸多安全问题。近年来,农村留守儿童安全事故频发,这些隐患应引起社会各界及相关部门的广泛关注。社会、学校、家庭都有义务采取措施,确保农村留守儿童的安全。     

探析农村黑恶势力形成的社会心理基础

农村黑恶势力的孳生、发展与其相应的社会心理基础有着必然的关系。其形成的社会心理基础,包括心理的互动性、集团内聚力、从众现象、社会心理需要与公共权力弱化等方面的内容。必须采取有效措施,充分发挥社会规范的综合治理作用,以减少或消除农村黑恶势力形成的社会心理基础。