充分发挥工人阶级主人翁积极性 在全面建成小康社会决胜阶段攻坚克难 ——认真学习贯彻习近平总书记 2016 年“两会”期间在上海代表团的重要讲话精神

习近平总书记在2016年"两会"期间,在上海代表团发表重要讲话,强调要想办法调动一线工人、制造业工人、农民工的积极性,这也是社会主义的本质要求。工人阶级是主人翁,主人翁的地位要体现出来。在全面建成小康社会决胜阶段,要积极探索和建立落实职工主人翁地位,进一步实现职工群众当家作主,充分调动和发挥其积极性、创造性的有效机制、措施和办法,在全面建成小康社会实践中,攻坚克难,实现中华民族的伟大复兴。     

自然资源国家所有权公权说再论

从宪法与民法之别、权利与权力之别以及宪法第9条的完整表述来看,资源国家所有权的公权性确定无疑.作为国家对于公共资源的一种“公权性支配”,资源国家所有权的实质是对资源利用的“积极干预”权,内容在于保障自然资源的合理利用,通过立法、行政和司法加以行使,并为这三种权力施加规范与限制.在实践层面,资源国家所有权只有衍生出以资源实际利用者为主体、以对资源物的合理利用为内容的私权性的“资源利用权”,才能真正形成资源利用秩序.日常生活中在民法层面使用的“国家所有权”的本质是“公共法人所有权”,其并非严谨的法律概念,其成立须一系列条件支撑,范围较窄,其与“宪法国家所有权”的区别是划分“国有私物”与“国有公物”的前提.资源国家所有权来源于主权但不等于主权,其为资源主权的积极行使创设权力载体和概念装置,具有重要意义.     

不同身份者共同实施身份犯的定性探析——兼评犯罪共同说与行为共同说

对于不同身份者共同实施身份犯的定罪,既要反映共同犯罪的本质特征,又必须符合罪责刑相适应原则的要求。根据犯罪共同说对不同身份者共同实施身份犯时进行统一定罪,才是符合共同犯罪的本质特征的。不同身份者共同实施身份犯时触犯数罪名,这种情况实际上就是想象竞合犯,应按照想象竞合犯“择一重处”的原则,选择处罚较重的犯罪定罪量刑,这不仅符合共同犯罪统一定罪的本质要求,而且符合罪责刑相适应的刑法原则。     

抵押权效力若干问题研究

依照意思自治原则,在不影响抵押权以及其他担保物权法定目的实现且不损害第三人利益的前提下,当事人就法律未明文禁止的相关事项做出的特别约定,一般均应认定为有效,其中包括当事人有关移转抵押物占有的约定,以及债务到期后抵押权存续期间的约定;在抵押人为第三人时,未经登记的动产抵押权主要具备债权效力,且不得适用善意取得;"抵押权效力及于抵押物新增从物"的各种主张,完全不能成立;在"先押后租"的情形,如无正当理由,抵押权人不得否定租赁权的效力;在共同抵押人均为第三人时,无约定或者约定不明的,债权人有权自由选择先后或者同时行使全部抵押权,承担担保责任的抵押人有权向债务人追偿,但无权向其他抵押人追偿。     

Local Ownership as Dependence Management: Inviting the Coloniser Back

This article challenges the tendency to understand local ownership of statebuilding processes chiefly as a product of how international donors plan and implement reforms rather than of how such efforts are appropriated by local actors. Local ownership is typically described as a quality which is ‘supported’, ‘fostered’, ‘granted’ or ‘stifled’ by foreigners rather than something which is simply taken by the hosts of such interventions. Drawing on the case of British-led police reform in Sierra Leone, the article argues that local authorities exercised ownership by actively drawing their former colonizer into the security sector, thus deepening and prolonging the intervention. This contradicts two common assumptions about local ownership: (i) it is aimed at reducing international influence and (ii) it will be scarcer and more difficult to achieve the weaker the host state. Rather than to control how the police reform was designed and implemented, the principal function of local ownership was to secure a powerful ally in the ongoing civil war and to achieve an outward reorientation of national security.     

Security Sector Reform,Statebuilding and Local Ownership: Securing the State or its People?

It is widely acknowledged that while local ownership is one of the core principles of successful Security Sector Reform (SSR) programmes, the concept is narrowly interpreted in terms of who owns what. Moreover, the focus of SSR is often on building state institutions, rather than building the relationship between people and the state, which further limits the extent to which people, particularly at the community level, are engaged in SSR processes. It is argued that without ensuring meaningful and inclusive local ownership of SSR programmes, public trust and confidence in state security and justice sector institutions will be limited. Crucially, this will leave the state vulnerable to renewed outbreaks of conflict. To rectify this it is proposed that a hybrid SSR approach be promoted by incorporating community safety structures into SSR programmes.     

中性政府、法治理念与共同富裕

中国经济近三十年的持续增长应部分地归功于中国的中性政府,中性政府有利于采取促进经济增长的政策,而一个平等的社会更易于产生这样的政府.建国以来直到上个世纪末的中国政府具有中性政府的性质,为中国经济增长做出了持续的贡献.但本世纪以来,中国社会收入差距日益扩大,已在一定程度上动摇了中国政府的中性,并背离了共同富裕的目标.巨大的贫富差距阻碍了中国经济的进一步发展并构成了严重的社会隐患.因此,要坚持共同富裕这一正义标准并以法治的手段推进收入分配制度改革.     

“统一唯一国家所有权”理论的悖谬及改革切入点分析

“统一唯一国家所有权”理论存在严重问题:其理论上悖谬困窘,无法自圆其说,实践中导致国有资产保护极度乏力.从概念和逻辑上来说,无论是在国际法还是在内国法上,“国家”与“全民”均不能等同,因而,国家所有权与全民所有权不可能同义,抽象的“国家”无法成为民法上具体“物”的所有权主体.基于实践视角观察,在所谓的”统一唯一国家所有权“内还存在诸多利益冲突,如分税制体现出的中央政府与地方政府的利益划分、各地方政府之间的利益纠葛,以及“央企”与地方国企的利益争夺等,这表明”统一唯一的国家所有权“事实上并不存在.自民法理论而言,现行国家所有权制度严重违背民法科学原理,其主体、客体、权利、义务及责任等民事法律关系五个基本要素均不明确和确定.因此,应尽速废止“童话式的统一唯一国家所有权”理论,代之以符合民法科学原理的公法法人所有权理论.     

关于水权争论问题的意见

水权不包含水所有权、水合同债权,它们分别为独立的权利。只有行政权而无水资源所有权创设不出水权。水权的初始配置在我国不宜采用拍卖的方式,水权的主体多样化,须具体分析。     

The need to improve the living conditions of women in Nuba Mountains,Southern Kordofan

ABSTRACT

The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) not only ended Africa's longest civil war, it aimed to transform Sudanese society. A critical element of this transformation is uplifting the status of women. This article surveys the conditions faced by women in two villages in Nuba Mountains/Southern Kordofan, principally their ability to access land for farming, credit facilities and barriers to education and health services, and whether the implementation of the CPA has resulted in any concrete changes.