副猪嗜血杆菌抗体间接血凝检测方法的建立及应用

将副猪嗜血杆菌(Haemophilus parasuis,HPS)血清型4、5型分离菌株经超声波破碎处理后的产物致敏醛化红细胞,建立了检测HPS抗体的间接血凝试验方法。最适反应条件为绵羊红细胞30℃醛化5 h,4、5型菌株浓缩抗原以1∶8稀释致敏红细胞。免疫猪2周后检出率达89%。对15种HPS血清型阳性血清进行检测,结果均为阳性;对猪瘟病毒、口蹄疫病毒、猪圆环病毒、猪细小病毒、猪伪狂犬病病毒、猪生殖与呼吸综合征病毒、猪肺炎支原体、猪链球菌、猪肺疫巴氏杆菌、Ⅰ相支气管败血波氏杆菌及胸膜肺炎放线杆菌阳性血清进行检测,结果均为阴性。敏感性为琼脂扩散试验的16倍。对1 665份猪血清进行检测,阳性率为47.1%。结果表明,该方法敏感性较高,特异性强,重复性好,可用于疫苗免疫后抗体水平的检测及副猪嗜血杆菌的流行病学调查。     

中俄海洋安全合作论析

中俄两国在太平洋、北冰洋等海域存在诸多共同的海洋安全目标和利益,双方的海洋安全合作不仅可以在理论层面丰富发展国家间海洋安全合作的内涵,也可在现实层面改善两国的海洋安全环境,维护两国海洋安全权益,同时为全球海洋安全治理做出贡献。21世纪以来,国际形势的变化和中俄关系的相向而行给中俄海洋安全合作营造了良好的外交环境。中俄两国多层级、多领域的合作机制,为两国海洋安全合作的开展提供了丰富的交流沟通平台。北极地区作为新疆域为中俄海洋安全合作带来了新的机遇。中国“一带一路”倡议和俄罗斯“向东看”发展政策也在不断拓展双方共同的海洋安全利益。与此同时,中俄两国的海洋安全合作也面临着“互信程度有待进一步提高、海上防卫方向不完全重合、世界海洋安全环境的复杂与敏感”等问题。在此情况下,通过加强中俄海洋经济的合作、积极构建海洋安全利益共同体以及合理规划中俄海洋安全合作的重点方向和拓展空间,可有效应对双方海洋安全合作面临的挑战。同时,推动多边海洋安全合作机制的建立不仅可为新时代中俄海洋安全合作的深化保驾护航,也有利于促进全球海洋安全的制度化建设。     

Responsibility Determination: Free Will and Legal Responsibility in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Free will is the foundation of determination of responsibility. Genetic enginnering represented by technologies of gene editing, artificial medical devices and AI have fundamentally challenged the concept of free will and so have significantly influenced determination of legal responsibility. These challenges are fundamental, not instrumental, and can be divided into two aspects in legal philosophy. First, the direct challenge, that is, the emerging technology represented by genetic engineering and artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) has challenged the concept of free will. Second the would-be ultimate challenge, that is, presented by an artificial general intelligence (AGI) agent that is considered to reach humanlevel free will, can be a legal subject, thus taking full legal responsibility. The direct challenge constitutes a new “forgiveness” condition for taking responsibility. The would-be ultimate challenge deserves significant attention, because the concept of free will is not only about human responsibility, but also about human dignity.     

共产国际、联共(布)与中共早期主要领导人的更替

中共成立后至1931年间,其主要领导人发生了几次大的更替。它们都是在共产国际与联共(布)的掌控下完成的。莫斯科在取舍中共主要领导人时,更多的是顺从自己的理论指向或自身利益的需要。按照莫斯科的意图来取舍中共的主要领导人,给中国革命事业和中共党的自身建设带来了两个主要弊端:一是共产国际、联共(布)的理论指向和自身利益不一定符合中国革命的利益;二是这样做的结果使中共主要领导人的更替完全围绕着莫斯科的意图来进行,党不能独立自主地选择自己的领导核心。两个弊端给中共领导的革命事业以及自身建设带来了不利影响。     

儒家法律传统与中华法系

儒家法律传统是中国古代社会农耕生产方式、宗法家庭组织、君主专制政体三合一基本特征的历史产物。先秦儒家法律传统以“礼治”、“德治”、“人治”等思想为其基本内容。西汉以后又不断充实完善，成为支配古代法律实践的正统价值观。     

浅论宪法未列举基本权利的保护

权利是有层次的,权利按层次性可分为基本权利和一般性权利.宪法没有必要也不可能对全部权利进行保护,因为基本权利是人生而就有的、涉及人的本质和本质特征、关乎人的尊严和幸福的权利,并且它是不断发展的,具有不可穷尽性,宪法只是对现有的基本权利的确认和认可.因而宪法未列举的基本权利的宪法性认可和保护值得加以认真对待.     

Integration of the Family Therapy Specialist into Public School Pupil Personnel Services

SUMMARY

The integration of a full-time family counseling specialist into the Pupil Personnel Service (PPS) Team of the modern public school is described. The roles of the present specialists are delineated as well as the problems inherent within the present Pupil Personnel Services Team. Inclusion of a family counseling specialist on the PPS Team would help schools avoid the antagonist position they find themselves in when a family opposes their suggestions and interventions. In such cases, the PPS Team attempts to wrest control of the case from the parents which subjugates the family, limiting the family's inherent resilience and strength. The family comes to resent the PPS Team, seeing them as blameful and controlling. Conversely, the PPS Team comes to resent the family, claiming it is “dysfunctional” in some way and using diagnostic labels to satisfy themselves that their “expert” actions are justified. This antagonist position in the schools arises more out of fear of litigation than good case management. We propose a new integration of family system and school system. Creation of a family counseling specialist who is highly trained in systems, narrative and structural/strategic family therapy could ameliorate this antagonist problem. Numerous functions for such a new specialty are listed as well as suggestions for including this member into PPS Team work.     

浅析乡、镇政府在村委会选举中的定位

规范性文件界定的乡镇政府在村委会选举中的应然地位,在现实中没有得到应有的体现,乡、镇政府在村委会选举中处于"失位"的状态。本文指出乡、镇政府在村委会选举中的应然与实然地位的差距,提出有助于发挥乡、镇政府在村委会选举中的作用的建议。     

农村社区化建设研究述评

随着全国实验县(市、区)开展农村社区建设的不断深入,新型农村社区化建设成为学者们研究的热点课题,文章对近年来的相关研究成果进行了梳理,呈现出农村社区化研究的现状,并通过对理论研究成果与实践的比较,为今后的研究和实践提供参考,使广大学者的研究更好地指导农村社区建设,为社会主义新农村建设提供技术支持。     

从一个妇女主任的遭遇看村落性别规范

本文通过一个案例剖析村落性别规范的内容、运行逻辑。性别规范有3个层次的内容:(1)日常生活中的言行举止、生活方式,(2)两性分工的内外之别,(3)双重标准的性别规范。通过对村落性别规范运行逻辑的分析,发现村落文化变迁的趋势:村落文化的地域性特征逐渐弱化之后,原有道德规范失去继承,村落社会评价机制发生改变,同时舆论惩罚失去效力,性别规范在村落文化变迁之时也在重新建构。