各国(地区)职务犯罪侦查机构比较

世界各国和地区都有职务犯罪侦查机构,其在诸多方面有相同点,也有许多不同。在我国,职务犯罪侦查机构建立的时间较短,由于多种原因的影响,检察机关职务犯罪侦查机构设置不合理,也不科学,应该对此进行研究、科学设置。     

从比较角度看中外侦查模式

侦查模式在不同的国家有不同的特点,本文从比较的角度阐述了两大法系侦查模式的特 点,进而对我国的侦查模式特点进行了分析,指出存在的问题及进一步完善的设想。     

Comparative Perspectives on Childcare Expansion in Germany: Explaining the Persistent East‒West Divide

Abstract

Germany’s family policy responded to the European Union’s Barcelona targets by expanding publicly funded childcare, especially for children under the age of three, throughout the country. While overall nearly 33 per cent of all children in that age group had access to public childcare by 2015, there is still a large difference between the situation in the eastern and the western part of the country. This paper documents and explains this development of two persistently different childcare regimes in the two parts of the country. It shows that supply factors such as local administrative capacity and resources interact with demand factors such as parental need and demands for public childcare to produce the divergent development. It then discusses the conceptual challenges involved in engaging in this type of subnationally comparative analysis.     

个人解雇保护立法实践的国际比较：回应与建设

在个人解雇保护制度的基本要素中,我国在解雇理由、解雇费、不公平解雇赔偿金、不公平解雇主张的时效和复职程度等五个方面的立法规制强度高于国际平均水平;在解雇通知期、解雇程序、通知期开始前的延迟时间三个方面的立法规制强度低于国际平均水平。但综合来看,我国解雇理由虚严实宽,在解雇灵活性和解雇成本方面呈现出复杂扭曲的特点,尤其是定期劳动合同的解雇保护制度大幅降低了我国解雇保护的水平。借鉴国际立法例,根据我国的国情,可以在劳资双方都可接受的限度内,循降低解雇行为灵活性、改变解雇经济成本结构的思路提高解雇保护严格度,并做若干具体制度之改进。     

Angular Determination of Toolmarks Using a Computer‐Generated Virtual Tool

A blind study to determine whether virtual toolmarks created using a computer could be used to identify and characterize angle of incidence of physical toolmarks was conducted. Six sequentially manufactured screwdriver tips and one random screwdriver were used to create toolmarks at various angles. An apparatus controlled tool angle. Resultant toolmarks were randomly coded and sent to the researchers, who scanned both tips and toolmarks using an optical profilometer to obtain 3D topography data. Developed software was used to create virtual marks based on the tool topography data. Virtual marks generated at angles from 30 to 85° (5° increments) were compared to physical toolmarks using a statistical algorithm. Twenty of twenty toolmarks were correctly identified by the algorithm. On average, the algorithm misidentified the correct angle of incidence by ?6.12°. This study presents the results, their significance, and offers reasons for the average angular misidentification.     

Local government reforms: between multifunction and single-purpose organisations

The paper argues that, in ‘revisiting’ the referred-to article published back in 2004, the concept then guiding the analysis would need to be modified particularly on three scores. For one, in order to achieve a more adequate comparison the country selection should be expanded beyond the earlier sample (UK, France, Germany and Sweden) to also capture Southern and Central Eastern European countries. Second, the ‘developmental’ (‘over time’) analysis of the pertinent institutional changes should be further accentuated and complemented by proceeding ‘by (developmental)stages’ instead of ‘country by country’. Third, while still deeming the distinction between ‘multifunction’ and ‘single-purpose’ organisations fruitful to guide a ‘government versus governance’ analysis and interpretation, the distinction between ‘political rationality’ and ‘economic rationality’ should be added with the former (ideal-typically) identified with elected (local) government and the latter seen characteristic of many of the actors in the governance-typical actor networks.     

成人学习者学习需求性别比较研究——基于对本校成人学习者学习需求调查

利用spss17.0对成人学习者学习需求进行性别差异分析,结果表明,男女性在学习动机与目的、成绩评定方法、学校归属感方面有显著性差异。对学习方式、教师教学方法男女性无显著性差异。基于以上结论有针对性展开成人教育教学工作。     

简析实用语言与写作语言

口头语言与书面语言有着各异的表意特点、使用规范、适用场合以及实用效果,而在书面语言的实际运用中,应用文写作与文学创作又有不尽相同的书面语使用要求.比较、廓清上述两组对比关系中的语言使用要求,有助于提高人们的语体辨析能力和语言运用能力.     

中外保安业比较──谈我国保安业发展中存在的问题

本文对中外保安业的诸多方面作了比较,并对我国保安服务业存在的问题进行理论探讨,提出了我国保安业发展的必由之路。