Creating markets in no-trust environments: The law and economics of smart contracts

Smart contracts, self-executing agreements based on blockchain technology, have the capacity to create trust in what we term no-trust contracting environments. We argue that using them in such environments is the path to unleash the full potential of smart contracts. Compared to the contract enforcement mechanisms characterized by traditional contract law or relational contracts, smart contracts can offer a superior solution for facilitating trade.Several lawyers and economists have debated whether smart contracts might offer the prospect of cheaper, faster and better transactions. As we discuss below, contract law scholars caution that they neither replicate the relational context essential for the day-to-day practice of contracting nor offer a superior solution to problems addressed by traditional contract law, such as contract validity and legality. We clarify and systematize the current thinking on the legal nature and reliability of smart contracts, and address the concerns of contract law scholars. While doing that, we suggest a step forward in characterizing contracting environments, contract enforcement mechanisms and the trust relationship underlying contracts.     

增强云南旅游产业区域竞争力的对策分析

要实现云南旅游业的可持续发展,必须建立旅游业的区域成本优势和区域竞争优势,强化旅游产业的竞争优势,从而提高旅游业的产品竞争力和企业竞争力,不断增强整个旅游业的区域竞争力.     

我国连锁超市核心竞争力的构建研究

我国连锁超市在外资零售企业大量进入中国市场的情况下,需要学习和借鉴国外连锁超市先进的管理经营经验,从供应链整合和管理出发,通过开发自有品牌来提升连锁超市形象,加强超市的企业文化建设,逐步挖掘我国连锁超市的核心竞争能力。     

巴西体育法律规制介评

巴西作为足球大国,其所有的体育立法都与足球有关,而对其他领域则涉及很少。目前生效的 《贝利法》对有关巴西体育的法律制度作了规定,主要有体育联盟的设立、赢利性体育组织的设 立、劳动合同规范、体育法庭的组成、转播权以及运动员的保险政策等规范。我国可以借鉴巴西 有关的体育立法以加强中国体育法制的建设。     

A Small Yes for Presidentialism: The Turkish Constitutional Referendum of April 2017

Following four elections in three years, on 16 April 2017 Turkish voters once again went to the polls - this time under the emergency law established after the failed coup attempt of July 2016 - to vote on constitutional amendments aimed at replacing the existing parliamentary system with an executive presidency. This article reviews the content of the proposed constitutional amendments, analyses the campaign including the strategies employed by the main political actors in the ‘Yes’ and ‘No’ camps and the resource advantages enjoyed by the ruling party, assesses the electoral performance of both sides through a summary of results from provincial areas and geographical regions, and considers how Turkish politics are likely to take shape under the new system.     

国家公园特许经营合同的法律基础

国家公园特许经营合同是规范特许人(国家公园管理局)与特许经营权人之间权利义务关系的协议,本质上属于政府特许经营合同,可被拆分为双阶理论下的“行政行为+民事合同”,即在订立阶段为行政行为,在履行和解除阶段为民事合同。为实现国家公园特许经营制度的功能,保护特许经营权人利益和参与特许经营竞争者利益,应明确合同的必要内容、采用竞争性缔约方式、签订书面合同并对特许经营权进行登记。由于国家公园特许经营权具有专属性,合同义务只能由特许经营权人自己履行并应注意保护园内自然资源和生态环境。基于国家公园特许经营合同的基本性质与制度功能,原则上不适用《民法典》第五百六十二条第一款解除合同,合同解除后不具有溯及力,不发生恢复原状义务。     

保险法中的疑义利益解释原则

作为保险合同解释中的一项特殊原则,疑义利益解释原则的适用对于削弱保险人在合同中的优势地位以及保护被保险人的利益具有极其重要的作用。但在该原则的适用过程中,学者们对其合理性不断提出质疑,因此,有必要对该原则之正当性进行分析检讨。     

论我国反垄断法的价值取向

反垄断法的价值取向问题关系到我国反垄断法的立法质量,科学认识中国反垄断法的价值取向,既是中国反垄断法理论研究的逻辑起点,又是中国反垄断立法、司法实践的价值基础。反垄断法通过规制垄断和限制竞争行为来调整竞争关系,从而创设和维护其认可的竞争秩序,这种特定的竞争秩序应当是反垄断法始终如一的价值取向。     

论我国竞争法视野下的商业秘密

商业秘密是一种重要且个性化特征较为突出的知识产权,商业秘密与竞争法之间既有一致的一面又有冲突的一面。商业秘密的竞争法调整至少包括商业秘密的反不正当竞争法保护和商业秘密滥用行为的反垄断法规制两个层面,目前人们较为关注前者。在继续加强商业秘密保护的同时应注重把握好合理与适度,同时借鉴国外的相关经验,构建我国商业秘密滥用行为的反垄断法规制制度。     

Social Work and the Security Issue in the Netherlands and Belgium

Over the past years security has become a central issue in political discussions both in the Netherlands and Belgium. This has led to the setting of new governmental schemes in urban areas that rely upon the commitment of social workers to a large extent. Besides that, a number of new professions linked to social intervention have appeared. The purpose of this article is to analyse the emergence of security as an issue and the effects of the new governmental schemes in the field of social work, and to compare the political and social backgrounds, how security is dealt with and the effects on social work in Belgium and the Netherlands. The general assumption is that the practice of social professions tends to a new balance between change and control, the two usual poles of social work, at the expense of emancipatory practices towards marginalised people. In other words, it is wondered whether the action of social workers is to put in place a system of control and risk prevention as a mix of social work and people policing. The article shows that the development in this direction in the two countries is similar, in spite of significant background differences.