论口供的证明力

口供是犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的供述和辩解,包括犯罪嫌疑人、被告人承认有罪的供述,关于自己无罪、罪轻的辩解和揭发同案被告人的攀供。口供具有一定程度上的客观性,这也是口供得以发挥证明作用的基础。由于口供的来源———犯罪嫌疑人、被告人在刑事诉讼活动中处于绝对的劣势,因此必须对口供的证明力加以限制。     

重复供述排除问题研究

一次非法取供,是否要对重复供述一排到底?重复供述问题在我国尤为突出,然而,法律和司法解释中并未明确重复供述的可采性。重复供述排除与否取决于先前的非法取供手段对重复供述的实际影响。基于我国实际,应当实行重复供述的分阶段排除方式,即原则上只排除非法取供发生后至确认前在同一诉讼阶段获取的重复供述。为了克服排除重复供述的障碍,应当允许重复取供,理顺公、检、法的关系,减少三机关的同质性。当然,最根本的举措是要建立激励为主的取供机制,调整形式主义的口供运用模式,怯除对非自愿供述的依赖。     

On the power of secondary confession evidence

Research on primary confessions has demonstrated that it is a powerful form of evidence. The goal of the current research was to investigate whether secondary confessions – the suspect confesses to another individual who in turn then reports the confession to the police – could be as persuasive. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants read a murder trial containing an eyewitness identification, a secondary confession, and character testimony, and made midtrial assessments of the evidence. Results indicated that the secondary confession was evaluated as the most incriminating. In Experiment 3, participants read summaries of four criminal trials, each of which contained a primary confession, a secondary confession, eyewitness identification, or none of the above. The two confession conditions produced significantly higher conviction rates. Our findings suggest that secondary confessions are another powerful and potentially dangerous form of evidence.     

Individual differences in interrogative suggestibility: life adversity and field dependence

Since the turn of the century much research has explored the concept of interrogative suggestibility, with recent research highlighting a sizeable link between the reported experience of negative life events (NLEs) and performance on the Gudjonsson Suggestibility Scale 1 (GSS1). The present study sought to reinvestigate the previously found novel relationship, as well as explore the role of field dependence as a possible coping mechanism implemented during interview by such vulnerable interviewees. As expected, highly significant correlations between NLEs and the suggestibility components of the GSS emerged. Field dependence, however, failed to correlate significantly with either NLE or GSS scores. Nonetheless, some additional findings relating to age, NLEs, and shift scores on the GSS were noted, which may help further our understanding of the NLE to interrogative suggestibility relationship. A new group of vulnerable interviewees, who are as yet unrecognized by the police or courts, has also been identified.     

The Central Park Jogger Case-Police Coercion and Secrecy in Interrogation

Abstract

The prosecution and recent legal reversals in the New York “Central Park Jogger” case are discussed with a focus on the preoccupation with crime in US society and concerns regarding racial discrimination in the legal system. It is argued that the inherently coercive nature of interrogation, and the secrecy that surrounds custodial interrogation, create conditions that are ripe for abusive treatment. The phenomenon of false confession is presented and discussed with regard to the Central Park Jogger and other cases. The author advocates the recording and preservation of the entire period of custodial questioning so that there is an objective record of the interrogation methods that lead to “confession” statements.     

审前重复供述的排除问题研究

在非法证据排除规则确立后,审前重复供述的排除问题浮出水面.从确保非法证据排除规则有效实施、消极的实证真实发现主义、人权保障以及遏制刑讯的角度看,审前重复供述应该排除.非法取证行为的持续影响效力理论是排除审前重复供述的依据,排除审前重复供述的标准是刑讯逼供等非法行为与重复供述之间存在因果关系.具体来说,排除重复供述,需要有刑讯逼供等非法取供行为,且该行为对被追诉人产生了较大影响,使其供述自由受到了较大限制.排除非法口供后,可反驳地推定重复供述不具有可采性.控方如欲使用重复供述,需要证明不存在因果关系.排除重复供述可能会遇到诸多障碍,需要通过法官独立司法维护司法公正.     

论我国刑事诉讼中口供证据地位--兼论律师在场权

以口供在我国传统刑事诉讼到目前刑事诉讼法中证据地位的转变为基点分析,起源于西方的律师在场权制度所保护的法益：防止在侦查过程中过度的依赖口供,遏制刑讯逼供和保障犯罪嫌疑人的沉默权,在我国已经基本实现。不仅如此,我国现阶段还尚不具备设置律师在场权的基本法制环境,若急于设置将冲击口供普通证据地位。故主张目前我国不需要赋予律师在场权。     

犯罪嫌疑人供述临界心理的形成与转化

在刑事案件讯问中.准确理解犯罪嫌疑人"供述临界心理"的形成机制和转化机制,掌握犯罪嫌疑人的心理需要和外在刺激相瓦作用及供述能量守恒的规律,针对性的采取讯问策略,将言语表达和非言语表达法的特殊作用相互结合,转化犯罪嫌疑人"供述临界心理",达到讯问目的.     

论我国供认自愿性规则的构建

自白任意性规则为英美法和大陆法所公认,我国刑事诉讼法虽有类似规定,但实体规定粗疏并缺乏程序保障措施,应明确供认自愿性的含义并从实体和程序两个方面来构建我国供认自愿性规则。     

刑讯逼供的外部遏制力量缺陷及其根源

分析遏制刑讯逼供的各种外部力量的缺陷,从刑事诉讼构造、刑事诉讼目的、国民性格等角度深入挖掘形成这些缺陷的根源,有利于从弥合遏制刑讯逼供外部力量的缺陷入手,逐步解决刑事诉讼结构、刑事诉讼目的、国民性格等更深层次的矛盾,使刑讯逼供行为早日告别历史舞台。