Construct validity and internal reliability of the Finnish risk and needs assessment form

Validation of risk and needs assessment instruments used to predict, and reduce, recidivism and misconduct is of ethical, practical and scientific importance. We argue for a focus on variable (i.e. changeable over time) risk factors, and that validation begins with establishing construct validity. The Finnish Risk and Needs Assessment Form, in Finnish Riski- ja tarvearvio (RITA), is a semi-structured interview form adapted from the Offender Assessment System used in England and Wales and consists primarily of variable risk factors. In this study, we examined the construct validity and internal reliability of RITA. The results suggest that the original RITA sections do not provide an adequate statistical model for describing the relationship between scored questions, and we, therefore, offer an improved model. In our proposed model, several scores are influenced by more than one dimension of risk and the dimensions correlate with each other considerably. We suggest that the dimensions that can be measured with RITA are Problems managing economy, Alcohol problems, Resistance to change, Drug abuse and associated behaviour, Aggressiveness and Employment problems. All factors except Drug abuse and associated behaviour had very good internal reliability. We propose this new model to be used in future research with, and in development of, RITA.     

三、五年级学英语起点和语音发展的实验研究

本研究比较三、五年级起点的学生英语语音语调的发展.研究采用准实验设计,样本包括198名中国小学三、五年级学生和15名美国小学生.学年结束时,对被试施行朗读测验、单人单盒磁带录音并将录音带匿名编号、随机混合,由3名英美人以随机顺序各自独立评分.结果表明:无论是按学校分类、按性别分类、还是按任课教师分类,五年级被试的平均分都显著地高于三年级被试,且处于最高分数段者也多是五年级被试.     

论构建和谐社会与公安信访工作

构建社会主义和谐社会是我们党顺应我国社会的深刻变化作出的重大战略举措,也是对公安信访工作面临新形势、新任务而提出的新要求、新挑战。其二者的相互关系,既有本质上的一致性,相辅相成,又有其各自不同的差异性,互为作用。同时,构建和谐社会对公安机关的信访工作在思想上、目标上、思路上,也提出了更新更高的要求。     

关于公安院校《形势与政策》课程建设的思考

《形势与政策》是公安院校思想政治理论课的重要组成部分,是对学生进行形势与政策教育的主渠道和主阵地,因此对课程的教学目标、教学内容、教学方法及教学手段进行了理论研究,并探讨其与普通高校的区别。进而通过具体教学组织形式进行研究与实践,形成适合公安院学生特点的、富有公安院校特色的教学模式,切实提高了《形势与政策》课的教学效果和教学质量。     

论道路交通治安防控体系的构建

公安机关道路交通安全管理部门必须在社会治安防控体系的总体框架下,立足岗位优势,发挥职能作用,着力构建严密的道路交通治安防控体系,使警务活动适时、高效、科学。实现警务模式由被动反应型向主动预防型转变,有效地提高公安机关交通管理部门在动态道路交通治安条件下的作战、反应和驾驭能力,实现打、防、控一体化,警务效能最大化。确保路畅、平安,经济繁荣,社会稳定和谐,百姓安康乐业。     

Review of the Two-Order Construct of Public Service Motivation: Reflective or Formative?——Evidence Based on Data from Five Cities in Eastern and Central China

A construct is a phenomenon of theoretical interest, and is divided into reflective construct and formative construct. Public service motivation is a constructive or reflective construct, and there is some consensus among the academic circles that the first order of public service motivation is reflective.But there is a debate about the nature of the two order construction. It is found that the predictive ability and the degree of fit of the "first order reflective and second order reflective" conception of public service motivation in structural equation model are higher than the "first order reflective and second order formative".The direction of the relationship between public service motivation and its first-order potential variables in the context of grassroots public administration in China is from public service motivation to first-order potential variables, and public service motivation should be defined as a "first-order reflective second-order reflective" construct. In the future, researchers in public administration should carefully consider the nature of the constructs of public management and the effect of the nature of the constructs on the model.     

谈当代中国政治文化建构与思想政治工作

全球化导致政治文化的多元化。在全球化背景下, 我们应采取理性的态度来面对全球化对我国政治文化带来的挑战, 正确认识我国政治文化现状, 明确加强思想政治工作对科学建构当代中国政治文化的重要作用。     

构建经济法视野中的合同制度

从罗马市民社会到现代经济领域,经济发展的事实充分证明,人类经济活动大都与合同紧密相联,而且随社会的进步合同关系日愈复杂。我国现行合同法虽然较好地规范了商品流通中的合同关系,但受传统和时代的局限,许多新的合同关系在合同制度的视野中找不到完整答案。为进一步规范合同法体系,解决实践中存在的问题,本文分析了中外合同制度的时代特色和存在的问题,主张经济法视野中构建市场经济环境下的新型合同制度,并提出几点设想,以期完善我国的合同制度。     

推进大学文化建设加快高校科学发展

大学文化建设，对于提高大学的核心竞争力具有十分重要的战略意义。本文从提升师生员工整体素质，培育精神文化；以学生为中心，提升育人文化；规范师生行为，强化制度文化；创造优美环境，营造校园文化等四个方面，就加强大学文化建设，推进高校科学发展进行探讨。     

弱者安全权的平衡与供给

弱者安全权是弱者生存和发展的前提,当弱者由于自身的脆弱性与不利性不能实现充分的安全自力救济时,必须建立平衡的供给结构。弱者的能力贫困是弱者安全能力不足的主要原因,对能力贫困实行补助,是基于权利位阶理论推导出的安全权优先原则以及基于社会契约理论推导出的倾斜性保护原则。弱者的安全权行使是一个悖论,弱者往往会成为事实与想象中的安全事件制造者,实施硬暴力以积极掠夺或利用弱者身份消极抵抗。弱者的安全困境在于弱者安全感的缺失与常规安全供给不足,弱者很难实现身份转化与充分信息下的策略选择。应兼采安全规范的立法差别化与司法和执法均等化,推动以公民身份和社区参与为内容的安全权力重组。