消费者权的确立与演变——制度变迁视角的解读

在消费者权的前时代,消费者作为具有平等性与互换性的民事主体,通过享有民事权利实现自己的合法权益。随着消费者保护运动的兴起和蓬勃发展,民法通过自身修正仍不能完全胜任对消费者权益的保护,消费者权在世界范围内得以确立并发展。考察消费者权的发展史,可知消费者权的确立与变迁是诱致性变迁与强制性变迁的结果。消费者权已成为经济法视域中的权利,应在我国《消费者权益保护法》中重新建构消费者权的法律概念体系,主要包括扩大消费者权的保护范围、消费者权外延的扩张、消费者权实现机制的创新。     

The Consumer as the Empirical Measure of Trade Mark Law

Although consumer responses to signs and symbols lie at the heart of trade mark law, courts blow hot and cold on the relevance of empirical evidence – such as surveys and experiments – to establish how consumers respond to alleged infringing marks. This ambivalence is related to deeper rifts between trade mark doctrine and the science around consumer decision‐making. This article engages with an approach in ‘Law and Science’ literature: looking at how cognitive psychology and related disciplines conceptualise consumer decision‐making, and how counterintuitive lawyers’ approaches appear from this perspective. It demonstrates how, especially when proving confusion, decision‐makers in trade mark demand the impossible of empiricists and are simultaneously blind to the weaknesses of other sources of proof. A principled divergence, without seeking to collapse the gaps between legal and scientific approaches, but taking certain small steps, could reduce current problems of proof and contribute to better‐informed, more empirically grounded decisions.     

大学生绿色消费观念和行为的实证研究——以南通大学为样本

绿色消费是可持续消费的重要组成部分,是实现经济社会可持续发展和缓解资源环境压力的重要途径。作为未来消费的主力军,当代大学生是绿色消费的重要践行者,对推动和普及绿色消费起着举足轻重的作用。课题以南通大学为样本,对部分大学生进行消费观念和行为现状的实证调查,探讨了大学生绿色消费的特点和规律,分析了大学生绿色消费行为的影响因素和决策机制,提出了推进大学生绿色消费的对策和建议。     

消费民事公益诉讼问题研究

消费民事公益诉讼制度的构建缘于维护消费领域公共利益的现实需要。与传统民事诉讼不同,消费民事公益诉讼具有诉讼目的公益性、受案范围类型化、诉讼结果扩张性等特点。诉讼主体资格的界定突破了传统民事诉讼原告与案件具有直接利害关系的规定,诉讼前置程序的设定强化了保护公益及防止公益诉权滥用的目的;在消费公益诉讼的处理规则方面,对和解、调解、撤诉等方面的限制突破了传统民事诉讼的处分原则,而裁判效力的扩张又超越了传统既判力制度的规定,为确保维护公益提供了特别程序规则。     

Food safety and consumer trust in post-Fukushima Japan

Abstract

The contamination of food with radionuclides has posed serious problems to consumers, producers and policy makers in Japan since the Fukushima nuclear disaster of March 2011. Many Japanese consumers were and still are worried about the safety of domestic food products. How did the nuclear catastrophe in Fukushima affect consumer trust in food safety regulation, and how did the Japanese government try to (re)establish consumer trust in its food governance system? Drawing on empirical data from a consumer survey, expert interviews and documents issued by the Japanese government and public authorities, this paper argues that existing institutions had difficulty handling the situation and rebuilding consumer trust. I will argue that consumers in Japan lack trust in government institutions and the food industry and that the government's risk communication was not suitable for rebuilding trust. This specific situation saw the emergence of new actors from civil society, such as citizens’ radioactivity monitoring stations (CRMS). These actors took over some of the functions of public authorities by providing information and monitoring food. I argue that they have the potential to build trust by fostering the participation of lay people and encouraging a more democratic discourse on food safety. Nevertheless there are some limitations.     

网络消费者合同的法律适用

现行跨国消费者合同的法律适用的规则,以罗马公约、美国为代表的规定比较灵活.网络的开放性、虚拟性、技术性等特征,使得网络消费者合同产生法律冲突问题,值得进一步研究.     

Battles over numbers: the case of the Argentine consumer price index (2007–2015)

An unprecedented crisis of confidence in Argentina's public statistics rendered the declaration of a ‘National Statistical Emergency’ in 2016. This paper examines the battle over the Argentine consumer price index (CPI) between 2007 and 2015. It argues that in this dispute the index became the object of political struggle rather than a methodological controversy. The main characteristics of the Argentine CPI, its trajectory and the country’s inflationary history influenced the type of debate and the dispute that was possible and feasible. The battle was linked to the erosion of confidence in and social support for official statistics and to the emergence of alternative price indices. Both processes seriously undermined the government's ability to control inflation.     

城市消费舒适物的产业结构升级效应研究——基于人才集聚的中介作用

消费舒适物不只是城市经济活动的附属物，更是吸引人力资本集聚、驱动产业结构升级的重要因素。本文利用中国282个城市面板数据，研究了城市消费舒适物对产业结构升级的影响及其作用机制。结果显示：从总体上看，城市消费舒适物对产业结构升级具有促进作用。从中介效应看，人才集聚是考察城市消费舒适物对当地产业结构升级影响的重要渠道。从空间效应看，存在空间溢出效应，也即是周边地区消费舒适度提高，也有利于本地区产业结构升级。在新的发展格局下，注重城市消费舒适物建设，发挥其区域联动性，使之成为创新高地建设和产业结构升级的重要支撑。     

国际旅游岛离岛免税政策存在的问题及解决对策

海南离境退税和离岛免税政策在海南相继施行,对拉动内需、促进海南经济发展、建设国际旅游岛有着积极的作用。但由于离岛免税政策还处在探索阶段,规定偏于保守,在实施过程中暴露出许多问题,仍需不断完善。     

Garros-Evdokimov and Commodification of the Baltics

Recent groundbreaking analyses of the Baltics have focused on decolonization and national and postcolonial subjectivity. A related but somewhat divergent approach to postcolonial, ethnic and global studies in the Baltic context is to explore the response of contemporary Estonian, Latvian and Lithuanian cultures to the introduction of consumer capitalism, intra-European community and global pop-culture. A long-awaited independence brought by the Soviet departure has also presented the Baltics with multiple novel challenges, especially the issue of establishing a new identity, on both a national and a personal level. These challenges become the focus of Headcrusher (2003), the debut novel of Latvian-Russian journalists Alexander Garros and Alexei Evdokimov. This essay investigates Headcrusher's fictionalization of Latvian entry into global commodified space and contextualizes the novel's censure of the new consumer-driven realm within a broader Western comparative literary and theoretical perspective.