强制调解：消费纠纷解决的制度选择——基于实证视角的分析

在国家制度为消费纠纷所提供的多元化解决机制中，实证调查表明消费者协会的调解发挥着解纷的重要作用并在消费者的解纷选择中具有优位性。基于消费者对消费者协会调解的需求、使用，以及满意度的经验性评估，为了提升消费者协会的解纷效能，应当建立强调程序合作的程序强制调解制度。     

消费立法问题研究

消费者问题是消费者在生活消费需要中,正当需求得不到满足,并且受到提供消费资料和消费服务的经营者损害而发生的社会问题。消费者问题引发的消费者运动是在市场经济条件下,消费者为维护自身权益,改善其社会地位所进行的社会运动,消费者运动推动了消费者保护的立法。     

完善消费者保护法律制度的几点思考

针对 WTO的新形势和我国在消费者权益保护方面的不足 ,论证如何完善在消费关系 ,格式合同 ,特种买卖 ,消费者个人信息的适用与保护 ,召回制度以及如何追究经营者责任 ,保障消费者获得赔偿等方面的立法。     

我国农村消费市场存在的问题及其对策

目前,由于农民的收入低且增长缓慢,消费观念滞后,以及农村商品结构不合理、基础设施落后等原因,使我国农村市场存在消费不旺等问题。因此,我们必须有针对性地采取措施,提高农民的消费水平,以促进国民经济持续、健康而快速地发展。     

投资者到金融消费者的角色嬗变

金融产品的日益抽象化、复杂化和金融交易模式的日益综合化、专业化，导致金融市场投资者群体的身份转化与角色嬗变。非专业投资者或者大众投资者逐渐与消费者融合，成为一类新的市场主体即金融消费者。金融消费者是为满足非营业性的个体金融需要而购买或使用金融商品或者享受金融服务的自然人。对于金融消费者存在其中的法律关系，需要建构体现特殊宗旨或调整方法的法律规范。我国可以在保留现有证券、银行、保险、信托分业监管和分业立法的格局下，建构以保护金融消费者权益为核心的金融服务法或金融消费者权益保护法。     

THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS ON ROBBERY AND PROPERTY CRIME: THE ROLE OF CONSUMER SENTIMENT*

Despite its long history in criminology, research on the relationship between macroeconomic conditions and rates of common crime remains limited. That is in part because many analysts doubt that any systematic relationship exists and in part because of disagreement with regard to the validity of the indicators typically used to measure economic conditions. We argue in this article that good theoretical reasons exist to expect macroeconomic effects on crime rates, but many theories imply that collective perceptions of economic hardship should have effects on crime that are independent of those of more “objective” economic indicators. To evaluate this argument, we examine the relationships between the Index of Consumer Sentiment and regional robbery, burglary, larceny, and motor vehicle theft rates in the United States between 1970 and 2003, which was a period of large swings in both consumer sentiment and instrumental crime. Controlling for several factors thought to influence temporal variation in crime rates, we find that consumer sentiment had significant effects on robbery and property crime rates over the period that were largely independent of the effects of unemployment and economic growth. We also find that consumer sentiment accounted for a sizable fraction of the crime decline during the 1990s and yields reasonably accurate predictions of changes in the four offenses in 2004 and in two of the four offenses in 2005. We conclude that the effects of collective economic perceptions should become an important focus of future research on crime trends.     

论消费信用卡透支风险的法律监管制度建设

消费信用卡给发卡行带来新的利润增长点的同时 ,也对其造成一定的风险。风险背后的深层原因是制度的缺陷。我国信用卡业务的制度缺陷主要体现在银行对持卡人拖欠透支款缺乏有效催款措施、健全的个人信用制度、信用卡担保保证制度以及完善、统一的消费信贷法规。要改变这一现状 ,促进信用卡的健康发展 ,我国应在上述几个方面加强建设步伐 ,逐步建立一个有法可依的消费信贷法律制度体系。     

‘A MAD age’: Heibon Punch,student protest,the media and consumer society in Cold War Japan

Abstract

In the 1960s, Heibon Punch became one of the most popular weekly magazines in Japan. It was the first weekly magazine aimed at young men and I examine here a selection of articles from the late 1960s, a period of violent student protests and international uncertainty, to argue that the importance of Heibon Punch can be found in the creation of a commodified urban, male subjectivity. In the pages of Heibon Punch, the counter-cultures that were emerging along with the protest movements taking to the streets of the major cities, became firmly embedded within the ideological state promotion of a consumer culture. The government's explicit connection of national development to domestic consumption after the ANPO protests was tied to American military and economic power, and was simply one more assault on popular sovereignty. In the pages of Heibon Punch, the political nature of the social and economic transformations wrought by high-speed economic growth was effaced by the relentless consumerisation of individual subjectivity. I place the magazine, its editorial stance and mediatisation of subjectivity, within the broader emergence of an urban, middle-class culture of consumption that served to blur the contours of individual male subjectivity, and was, in many ways, a precursor of neo-liberal subjectivities that emerged full-blown both politically and economically in the 1970s and 1980s. By pressing its readers to decide for themselves how to negotiate the identities, ideas, and goods on offer in its pages, Heibon Punch shifted the focus of political subjectivity from the established social and political system to the core of the individual subject.