国际禁毒合作中的控制下交付手段研究

控制下交付是国际社会打击毒品犯罪的重要手段,在国际禁毒合作中占有重要地位。针对跨国贩毒活动,在具体实施控制下交付之前需要考虑多种因素。在决定实施控制下交付之后,可以通过有关的国际禁毒合作途径,与其他国家的侦查机关迅速取得联系,共同采取措施。在具体实施过程中还要注意做好相关工作,在确保毒品安全的情况下,尽可能地将跨国贩毒集团一网打尽。     

记名提单无单放货的解释论

记名提单无正本提单放货现象在国际贸易中普遍存在,成为贸易欺诈的温床之一。理论界和司法实务界对我国《海商法》中关于记名提单的规定意见不一。问题的关键在于正确运用法律解释方法。采用解释现行法的立场应当以立法者的规范目的为解释目标,不应偏重比较法的解释方法。从文义解释出发,以历史上海商法立法者的规范目的为基础,结合对《汉堡规则》第1条第7款关于提单定义的正确理解,从《海商法》第71条可以推论出,记名提单下承运人须凭正本提单交付货物,这是法律规定的承运人的交货条件,同时也是承运人的合同义务。采用体系解释标准,将我国《合同法》第133条、135条关于货物交付与单证交付的效力规定与《海商法》第71条、78条、79条相结合,可以得出在我国现行法律体系下,提单(包括记名提单)具备物权凭证属性的结论。我国的记名提单法律制度适应了我国国际贸易发展的需要,不应轻言修改。     

船舶所有权变动效力立法模式之反思

最高人民法院2012年3月31日颁布的《最高人民法院关于审理买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律问题的解释》第10条第4款突出了“交付”为船舶所有权变动的生效要件,但这样的规定容易造成信赖登记的善意第三人的利益难以得到保护,不能适应新兴的船舶融资租赁等交易方式的发展。中国法律应赋予登记以公信力,船舶所有权变动应当采登记生效主义更为妥当,这更符合司法实践和航运实务的操作。     

Local governance and spatial distribution of resources: The need to harness traditional leadership for service delivery in South Africa

Abstract

Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative data collection and analysis methods, the aim of the study forming the basis of the article was to examine how traditional leadership can be harnessed for the purposes of service delivery at the local level in South Africa. Specifically, the study sought to examine the juxtaposition of traditional and modern forms of governance in South Africa (institutional duality) and the role traditional leaders play in the provision and delivery of social and economic services to the sections of the population within their jurisdictions. The results of the study confirmed the existence of this institutional duality with regard to the Southern African institutional culture. In other words, even though traditional leaders no longer wield the considerable administrative, legislative and judicial powers they used to exercise over the chiefdoms, they are still very much part of the institutional culture of South Africa and the sub-region.     

我国《海商法》承运人迟延交付确定标准之不足

分析国际公约、国外立法例和中国法律关于迟延交付的规定,指出中国《海商法》关于承运人迟延交付仅规定"约定时间"标准之不足,提出在《海商法》迟延交付中引入"合理时间"标准的修改建议。     

无单放货的法律适用

在将无单放货定性为违约行为的前提下,以我国的国际私法规则为基础,论述了无单放货纠纷的法律适用问题:无单放货纠纷首先应适用提单准据法,在提单准据法不能规范无单放货行为时,应根据最密切联系原则确定无单放货地的法律作为无单放货纠纷的准据法。同时也分析了外国的直接适用的法、无单放货地公法适用的可能性,并指出根据中国立法,不存在根据场所支配行为而确定无单放货行为适用行为地法的可能。     

论分期付款买卖中的标的物所有权移转

分期付款买卖系特种买卖之一。出卖人移转标的物所有权系其应当履行的基本义务。学界对于分期付款买卖中标的物所有权移转的时间各有不同的观点。本文认为,在分期付款买卖中,除法律另有规定或当事人另有约定外,自出卖人将标的物交付买受人时标的物所有权移转。给付行为本身当然是履行买卖合同的行为,只是该行为同时又属于一个包含物权变动合意的物权行为,而同一行为具有物权效力与债权效力双重效果是正常的法律现象。     

Outsourcing in China: an exploratory assessment

The increasing demands for public services, growing resource externalisation and decentralisation have driven Chinese governments to seek alternative means of service delivery. This article addresses the largely ignored outsourcing practice in China. Lack of awareness of and research on the widespread outsourcing was a result of the conceptual barriers created by China's economic transition and its choice of incremental reform path. By decomposing national fiscal expenditures, the article finds that from 2002 to 2004, outsourcing accounted for about one‐third of the total governmental services expenditures and demonstrated a trend of continuous growth. Such developments effectively transformed the basic landscape of public service delivery and created significant external dependence. Within just three decades, China has quickly shifted from an omnipotent state to an ‘incomplete’ state. The capacity of the administrative hierarchy has become severely constrained. Nonetheless, the political risks of the macro‐level transformation are largely mitigated at the micro‐level by mechanisms of public–private cooperation. These developments are embedded in informal arrangements that, remarkably, maintain the survival of the current power structure. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Taphonomic Marks on Pig Tissue Due to Cadaveric Coleoptera Activity Under Controlled Conditions

The aim of this work was to study taphonomic marks that cadaveric coleopteran can produce under controlled conditions. To evaluate this, pig trotters were initially exposed to adults of Dermestes maculatus De Geer at 21 ± 5°C and a 12:12‐h day/night cycle. Observations were made and photographs taken every 4–5 days for 9 months. When feeding and reproducing, D. maculatus produced, in both adult and larvae stages, different types of marks such as holes, striations, scratches, and pits in several kinds of tissue such as integumental, connective, and muscular, in both their fresh and dried stages. Bite marks were also evident. The results in this study provide not only taphonomic but also biological and forensic information. This is the first time that this kind of experiment has been performed.     

中国企业海外购置不动产的法律风险防范———尼日利亚土地交易理论与实践

随着中国企业对非洲的投资日益增长,在非洲购买不动产发展实业的案例也越来越多。由于殖民地历史和当地习惯法的双重影响,非洲国家规制不动产交易的法律呈现出多种样态并存的现象。巨额的交易价格和资产的不可移动性致使在非洲投资不动产存在各种风险。如何从法律层面控制和防范风险成为中国企业海外投资不动产的重要课题。,以中国企业在尼日利亚购买土地为实例④,探讨尼日利亚的土地市场、契据交付、产权登记、土地法律渊源、产权移转流程、合同规则等理论及操作实践,旨在为在尼日利亚投资的中国企业和个人提供法律指引,降低在当地投资的法律风险。