论晚明插图本的文本价值及其传播机制

晚明的插图本,不管梓行数量还是质量都远超前代,具有极高的文本价值和审美价值.加上晚明书商具有一套较为灵活的传播机制,采取诸如聘请名家加盟、更新版式、加大广告宣传力度等措施,极大地推动了插图本的传播速度.书商的这些举措也成为中国传播史上成功的传播范例.     

收货人提取货物的义务——兼评《鹿特丹规则》第43条收货人接受交货义务

收货人依法对承运人负有及时提取货物的义务。法律赋予收货人及时提取货物的义务有其理论上的依据。托运人与承运人在运输合同中约定承运人向第三人交付货物,该约定从性质上分析属向第三人给付的契约,收货人有权要求承运人交付货物,但货物运输合同仍可为收货人设定义务,只要此种约定在运输单证中载明,收货人接受了单证即应受此种约定的约束。受领性质上为一种权利,但因法律规定或依当事人之间的约定,也可使债权人负接受履行的义务。此时的受领,应认为是债权人权利与义务的融合,因此,收货人提取货物是权利的同时也是一种义务。规定收货人负有提货义务是立法选择的结果,也是将债权人附随义务法定化。赋予收货人提取货物的义务和贸易法下买方的拒收权并不矛盾。《合同法》的实践表明赋予收货人提取货物的义务并不导致实务的混乱和承运人利益的损害。英国《1992年海上货物运输法》第3条赋予收货人有条件的提取货物的义务,值得借鉴。在《鹿特丹规则》下,收货人负有提货义务应满足两个条件,即收货人要求提取货物和收货人适格。     

解读“无单放货”最新司法解释

无正本提单交付货物,简称＂无单放货＂,是航运实践中普遍存在的问题,也是海商法理论界长期争论的热点问题。《中华人民共和国海商法》对此仅作了极其笼统的规定,并不具有可操作性。有鉴于此,最高人民法院于2009年2月26日公布了《关于审理无正本提单交付货物案件适用法律若干问题的规定》。该司法解释是继《中华人民共和国海商法》颁行以来关于提单法律制度的最重要的一部法律文件,从司法实践的角度对无单放货问题作了全面细致的规定,共15个条文,均具有鲜明的裁判法意义,权威而实用,必将对中国航运实务产生重大而深远的影响。通过解读这部无单放货最新司法解释所确立的一些重要法律制度,为航运相关从业人员提供有益的参考。     

The politics of social service provision through NGOs: A study of Latin America

Abstract — This article looks at the role of NGOs in social service delivery in Latin America and questions some of the assumptions which are often made about their abilities. Following the implementation of the neo-liberal model, increased conditionality has been placed on economic assistance. This has created a new role for NGOs, whereby they are harnessed by states in order to secure effective implementation of reform packages. In the process many NGOs and their own agendas become distorted. The paper discusses the political implications of this new role for NGOs and goes on to conclude that, given the nature of the democratisation process in Latin America, and the accompanying economic model, expectations regarding NGO potential for grassroots empowerment have been over-optimistic.     

Administrative burden in digital public service delivery: The social infrastructure of library programs for e-inclusion

In their efforts to digitize public service delivery, countries increasingly use algorithms based on mathematical models, data and/or a combination of different administrative datasets to issue decisions, but recent studies point towards challenges around citizens' understanding, accessing, and filing objections to such automated decisions. This paper focuses on the social infrastructure supporting citizens that struggle with accessing such services. To address this, we ask: How does the social infrastructure affect administrative burdens associated with digital government services? This is studied in the Dutch context through expert interviews and observations of support programs in libraries. We find that although libraries as primary sites for these services may pose the disadvantage of being more difficult to reach for low-literate citizens, advantages are their organizational structure at the local level as well as their currently changing role to include a growing range of services, including (digital) skills courses.     

Politics of on-demand food delivery: Policy design and the power of algorithms

In this article, we examine the politics of on-demand food delivery using insights from the theory of social construction and policy design. On-demand food delivery is a service built on algorithm-based technology known for its precarity and physical risks for couriers. We compare how the on-demand food delivery sector is regulated and its observable effects in two Asia-Pacific cities with contrasting food courier profiles: Melbourne, Australia (international students), and Singapore (citizens, permanent residents). We show how the social construction of food couriers in other policy subsystems (migration, higher education, citizenship) affects debates of their fair treatment in the on-demand food delivery sector. By interrogating the politics of digitally enabled versions of reality, we argue for embracing a design perspective to identify how reforms could be introduced in change-resistant sectors.     

Assessing electronic service delivery in municipalities: determinants and financial consequences of e-government implementation

In the Netherlands, electronic service delivery has become an important issue in many municipalities. Using the Internet for service delivery is seen as an important element of e-government. Based on 2014–2016 panel data for all Dutch municipalities, we show that there is a large variety among the municipalities in the extent to which they offer their service delivery digitally. By exploring the factors that may explain the differences among the municipalities, some trends can be discerned. Most notably is the strong relationship of e-government adoption with demographic characteristics, such as population, population density and both older age and younger age groups. Remarkably, we did not find an influence of education and income. Finally, we did not observe a relation between municipal allocated costs and level of e-maturity, hereby leaving the question open if and how e-government can lead to cost reductions.     

The Relationship between the Leadership Effectiveness and Emotional Competence of Managers in the Public Sector

This article reports on the perceived relationship between leadership effectiveness and the emotional competencies of managers in the public sector, and the impact of this relationship on service delivery. In the light of continual protests over government’s poor service delivery to the public, doubts are raised about the leadership effectiveness of public officials. Research has identified the leadership effectiveness of managers in the public service as crucial for quality service delivery. Industrial psychologists have also identified leadership effectiveness and emotional competencies as important ingredients for success in organizations. This is due to the facts that effectiveness and efficiency can be attained only if an appropriate leadership style and manager’s emotional competencies or abilities are in place. Findings from the research indicate that currently managers in the public sector possess insufficient emotional competencies to subdue emotional outbursts and achieve effective leadership. Based on the findings and the literature, the conclusion is that it is imperative for managers of public entities to acquire effective leadership skills and become emotionally competent. Relevant training and interventions, and a comprehensive management recruitment process, should be put in place.     

Drivers and barriers of inter-municipal cooperation in health services – the Norwegian case

Inter-municipal cooperation in service delivery is widespread, as is the notion that this type of cooperation is primarily driven by economies of scale. However, the empirical results appear to be inconclusive, suggesting that additional explanatory factors are needed to explain why municipalities cooperate. This study aimed to identify the factors and conditions that influence the level of inter-municipal cooperation in health services by exploring a broad set of explanatory factors that go beyond simple economic concerns. In addition to confirming that a small population-size and fiscal stress constitute important drivers of inter-municipal cooperation, the results from this study also demonstrates the need to consider geographical location and heterogeneity relative to neighbouring municipalities as potential barriers to such cooperation.     

丹红注射液联合西药常规治疗不稳定型心绞痛疗效和安全性系统评价

［摘要］目的 系统评价丹红注射液联合西药常规治疗不稳定型心绞痛的有效性与安全性。方法 检索PubMed、Medline、中国期刊全文数据库、万方数据知识服务平台中丹红注射液联合西药常规治疗不稳定型心绞痛的临床随机对照试验文献,按照Cochrane协作网推荐的方法评价纳入研究文献的质量后,采用RevMan 4.2软件进行Meta分析。结果 经筛选纳入23篇文献,共2 675例,其中治疗组（丹红注射液联合西药常规治疗）1 382例,对照组（单纯西药治疗）1 293例。各研究基线情况具有可比性。Meta分析结果显示：丹红注射液加西药常规治疗在提高心电图疗效[RR=2.84, 95% CI(2.28,3.55)]、心绞痛疗效[RR=4.13,95% CI（3.12,5.47）],升高高密度脂蛋白-胆固醇[high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, HDL-C）（WMD=0.29,95% CI（0.05,0.52）],降低低密度脂蛋白-胆固醇（low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C）[WMD=-0.98, 95% CI(-1.33,-0.63）]和高敏C反应蛋白（high sensitive C-reactive protein, hs-CRP）[WMD=-1.42, 95% CI(-2.18, -0.65)]方面均优于西药常规治疗组。结论 丹红注射液联合西药常规治疗在改善不稳定型心绞痛患者的心电图疗效,升高HDL-C,降低LDL-C和hs-CRP水平方面优于对照组。受纳入文献质量的限制,本研究结论尚需更多高质量大样本的临床随机双盲对照研究加以验证。