中国古代反腐败法制思想探究

中国历史上一直重视官员的选拔、推举与任命。中央政府建立了垂直管理的审判与检举体系,以便统一反腐败法律的适用。为了堵截腐败行为的发生,中国古代刑法设立了多个相关罪名,对官员以权谋私的行为进行处罚,这些都是我国反腐败法律思想的宝贵财富。     

毛泽东反腐倡廉经验教训之研究

在改革开放的今天,只要我们继承毛泽东反腐倡廉的成功经验,吸取毛泽东反腐倡廉的失败教训,深入改革,谦虚谨慎,将毛泽东晚年没有走好的民主新路走好,我们就一定能更好地反腐败。     

惩治与预防腐败犯罪的理论思考

《实施纲要》丰富了马克思主义建党学说的理论宝库。惩治与预防腐败是治国理政、从严治党的必然要求,学习贯彻《实施纲要》,要正确处理惩治与预防的几个关系问题,健全和完善预防腐败犯罪的监督体系。     

司法腐败的成因及对策

司法腐败是各种腐败现象中的要害和核心 ,是滋生和助长其他腐败的温床。司法腐败之所以能存在 ,是司法权力的行使者将司法权力据为私有 ,以权谋私 ,权钱交换 ,从而产生异化与腐败。反对司法腐败既要抓防又要抓治 ,尤其要注意加强民主权力对司法权力行使的制约 ,加强司法权依法行使的保障机制 ,强化司法廉政的监督制约机制 ,提高司法队伍的素质 ,增强司法人员的社会公仆意识 ,同时 ,必须坚定不移地坚持党的领导。     

承包经营中占有型财产犯罪的司法认定

贪污、职务侵占、侵占三种占有型犯罪中,形式多样的承包经营均有不同程度存在,使承包主体的性质、身份、产权等都蒙上了复杂的色彩,同时亦给三种占有型犯罪的司法认定带来许多困惑。结合办案实际,对承包的本质属性、承包案件的判断标准、特殊承包形式中相关案件的认定等三个方面进行分析,可为界定承包经营中占有型财产犯罪的罪与非罪、此罪与彼罪问题,提供有益的路径和方法。     

Police legitimacy and support for vigilante violence in Pakistan

Bottoms and Tankebe recently analysed the multidimensional nature of police legitimacy and made an argument for its relevance to social order. Using survey data from three communities of varying socioeconomic conditions in Pakistan, this paper examines the links between the multiple dimensions of the Bottoms-Tankebe model of police legitimacy and support for vigilante violence. The findings show overall high levels of support for vigilantism. Regression analysis shows that experiences of police illegality consistently predict support for vigilantism across the three communities. Perceived quality of police decision-making predicts support for vigilantism in some conditions but not others. Contrary to expectations, quality of interpersonal treatment by police and police effectiveness do not explain support for vigilantism. We also found no evidence to show that feelings of obligation to obey the police mediate the influence of police legitimacy on vigilante support. The implications of these findings are discussed in this paper.     

扎实推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设的新视角

党的十七大报告把坚决惩治和有效预防腐败,定位为“党必须始终抓好的重大政治任务”,提出要“把反腐倡廉建设放在更加突出的位置”,这表明我们党对腐败问题认识的更加理性和科学,反腐工作更加注重推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设。文章从腐败生成条件的新视角就扎实推进惩治和预防腐败体系建设问题作了初步探索。     

Conflict between social structure and legal framework: political corruption in Pakistan

There is a growing body of literature on the conflict between social environment and legal system. This article seeks to unravel the contradiction between Pakistan's anti-corruption laws and its social world. The study of this uncharted territory becomes even more urgent when the consequences of corruption are taken into account in the broader context of Pakistan's internal cohesion, democratic development and sustainable growth. Despite the fact that Pakistan inherited a British legal framework based on the division between public and private spheres, the article argues that a greater part of Pakistani society does not recognise such division. The split between public and private realms which provides a conceptual framework for any definition of political corruption seems culturally deficient. In particular, the paper attempts to demonstrate that ethnic loyalties by taking precedence over the public interest give rise to the ‘moral view of corruption', which explains why many people do not view the use of public office for ethnic gain to be an act of corruption. In these particular circumstances, the paper finds an underlying conflict in the treatment of corruption between the social and legal systems. The disparity between the legal system and social world has given rise to grave concern on the part of civil society.     

Does democracy reduce corruption?

While democracy is commonly believed to reduce corruption, there are obvious endogeneity problems in measuring the impact of democracy on corruption. This article attempts to address the endogeneity of democracy by exploiting the thesis that democracies seldom go to war against each other. We instrument for democracy using a dummy variable reflecting whether a country has been at war with a democracy in the period 1946–2008, while controlling for the extent to which countries have been at war in general. We find that democracy to a significant extent reduces corruption, and the effect is considerably larger than suggested by estimations not taking endogeneity into account. Democracy may hence be more important in combating corruption than previous studies would suggest.     

健全和完善防腐反贪的法律体系

以法治腐是国内外反腐败斗争的一条基本经验。改革开放以来,我们党适应形势发展的要求,重视法制建设和反腐败立法,我国反腐败法制建设已经取得了很大的进展,初步建立了一套惩治腐败犯罪的法律体系。党中央提出了通过制度建设和制度创新“从源头上预防和治理腐败”的反腐败新思路,反腐败实行标本兼治,重在治本,已经成为我们党反腐败的一条重要方针。《实施纲要》和《规划》明确提出预防为主、惩防结合的反腐败战略,更注重制度建设,强调要建立健全惩治和预防腐败法律体系。西方各国的反贪腐犯罪立法,注重事前预防和综合治理两个方面。在我国反贪腐立法过程中,借鉴域外反腐败立法的成功经验,有利于健全和完善我国惩治和预防腐败的法律体系。