A new horizon on organised crime: re-locating organised crime in America

Beginning in 1974, the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline Railway (BAM) dominated public life in the Soviet Union for the next decade. Declared complete in 1984, BAM was arguably the greatest and most costly construction feat in post-war Soviet history. Officially, the mainline was to serve as the “path toward communism” that would unite all Soviet citizens. This article explores the crime and corruption that surrounded the propaganda-driven world of the BAM. Although the railway led to few concrete accomplishments in either the industrial or social development of the USSR, the sociological and criminological consequences of BAM were profound. The highly visible presence of both petty and hard-core criminals on the railway revealed that life on the rails was not as progressive or futuristic as the state claimed. Instead, the dynamics of crime and control that intersected during the BAM's ten years of prominence revealed that the peculiarities of human nature, not what the state termed “communist morality,” defined those who worked on the project.     

Geographical access to treatment for sex offenders under community supervision in Kentucky

Abstract

As sex offenders are probated or paroled into the community, sex offender treatment and monitoring is often a condition of their release. In Kentucky, sex offenders are required to participate in community-based treatment for two years or more. However, some sex offenders are disadvantaged in accessing mandated treatment. This is a result of decisions concerning the placement of treatment programmes, the sex offenders' preference to return to communities where they can rely on family and other indigenous support networks, and some statutes (e.g. sex offender registration and residency restriction laws). This study utilises spatial methodologies, including an origin–destination (OD) matrix, to determine the time, in minutes, that sex offenders travel to sex offender treatment providers and non-spatial ordinary least squares (OLS) regression techniques to determine the association between family, neighbourhood and community characteristics on sex offenders’ travel time to treatment. Findings suggest that there is substantial disadvantage in treatment access, measured by travel time, for sex offenders who live in impoverished rural communities.     

试论腐败“落势化”倾向下的基层纪检监察工作创新

腐败“落势化”现象的最可怕之处在于干部权力意识的腐败.在新的反腐倡廉时代背景下,基层纪检监察机关工作能否及时创新并取得应有的成效,直接关系到党和国家大政方针及惠民政策的贯彻落实,关系到反腐倡廉建设的成效,关系到党的执政地位和基层国家政权的稳固.     

Bribery Problem in Kuwaiti Public Administration

This empirical study examines the bribery, problem in Kuwaiti public administration, its conception, magnitude, reasons, and its consequences. The study is a field research which is based on a random sample consisted of （600） people from various spheres of life in society. Study findings have shown that bribery in Kuwaiti administration is widespread and increasing, transcends nationality, gender, position, education level, and agencies in Kuwait which require paying attention to what kind of measures need to be taken to eradicate it. Recommendations are suggested on ways how to eradicate this problem in order not to become a phenomenon.     

Election law violations as campaign effort: turnout in Japan's House of Councillors elections

Electoral fraud is a form of corrupt behaviour but it is also a form of electoral behaviour. Once the grosser forms of stuffing the ballot box have been eliminated, illegal campaigning often involves precisely the same activities as does legal campaigning. What makes it electoral fraud is ‘stepping over the line’, spending X?+?Y when the legal limit is X for example. In this study we analyse the determinants of legal and illegal campaign efforts as well as the impact of such efforts on voter turnout. We use the aggregate number of election law violations per district as a measure of Y, which is normally unobserved because it is illegal and thus unreported. We further distinguish between various types of election fraud such as vote-buying and canvassing and determine their effects on turnout. We find that electoral fraud is more common in close races and when there is intraparty competition. Similarly, illegal campaign effort in general mirrors legal efforts in increasing turnout although its effects depend on the type of violation in question.     

医疗体制改革中职务腐败的经济学分析

医疗领域职务腐败的根本原因是当前制度安排的缺陷。我国在医疗改革过程中所形成的"以药养医"体制,使公立医院逐渐丧失了公益性,强化了医务人员的逐利动机,导致医疗腐败案件日趋严重,而医疗腐败的加剧,又使医疗体制改革面临新的困境。罪犯从事腐败活动是理性选择的结果,亦即对腐败成本与腐败收益的权衡。从成本—收益分析框架出发,对我国医疗体制改革中职务腐败的成因予以理论分析,并提出预防职务腐败的一系列相关对策。     

朱元璋倡廉惩贪措施的反思与借鉴

朱元璋大力反贪、促进廉政的一系列措施,其历史进步性是不容否定的。以史为鉴,当代反腐路径应是全社会齐动员,采取多种方法,多条途径,标本兼治,惩防并举。     

村干部在农村土地管理中的腐败行为研究

完善村级财政制度、建立土地信息网络和改革村干部的职能,完善农村土地管理行为,预防在土地管理中村干部腐败行为的发生。     

明初重刑辨析

就刑法体系而言,《大明律》较《唐律》并非“轻其轻罪,重其重罪”,且明初重典治吏失败的原因也不是由于其无视正常法制或像沈家本所说的“威竭而不振”,而是缘于“明刑弼教”引出的君权的膨胀。由此带来的是自上而下的权力结构的扩张和恶化。权力的滥用将本来就制定的不科学的重典引向恶化,导致了重刑改革的失败。     

缅甸"10·18"政变的真相

在缅甸军人政权核心的权力斗争中,被视为赞成与昂山素季对话的钦纽总理在10月18日被罢黜并被软禁,军政府随即撤销了许多高级司员的职务.钦纽被其他国家官员视为愿意协商民主改革的人物,他被捕后自1989年以来在拘留中度过了整整九个年头的昂山素季被告知还要继续在那里呆上一年.