中国的法律社会学研究

中国的法律社会学研究自1980年代复兴以来,学者们建立起了法律社会学的基本理论框架,并结合社会实践开展了一系列研究,取得了较为丰硕的成果。法律社会学与社会学法学存在称谓之争,但近期研究以法律社会学的提法为主流。法律社会学的基本理论包括法律社会学的定义、研究对象、理论特征、研究框架、研究的意义等,学者们就此进行了深入探讨,对法律社会学的方法论更是投入了较多的精力。应当有重点地加强新时期的法律社会学研究。     

客观归责理论

因果关系的判断,是刑法学上的难题之一。大陆法系多以“相当因果关系说”作为因果关系的判断基础。德国自1970年代开始,出现“客观归责理论”,在学说与实务上渐渐受到重视。运用客观归责理论来处理因果关系,得到的结论与运用相当因果关系说相差无几,但是对于少部分的案例,处理结果可能不同。客观归责理论有三个思考层次：第一,以“是否制造法所不许的危险”为判断的起点,如果行为的危险性是受到容许的,即使有死伤的结果,这个结果一概与行为无关;第二,继续追问,危险行为是否与结果的发生有常态上的关联性;第三,针对很少部分的案例,还要再追问,危险行为所引致的结果,是否在“构成要件的效力范畴内”。     

做故宫消防工程的一点体会

在科学技术高度发展的今天,如何将现代防火技术恰当、有效地运用到文物建筑的保护上;如何充分考虑中国传统木结构建筑的构造特点,提出包括破拆限制、用水控制、扑火点选择等环节在内的切实可行的灭火方法,制定周全的灭火预案,确实值得认真、深入地研究。     

保险定损权探析——以交通事故定损为例

保险定损是保险理赔最重要环节,而定损权行使主体的不同直接关乎保险合同当事人的权益。为提高保险定损权的权威性和公正性,其基本路径在于强化保险公估机构的法律地位,完善相关法律制度,提高公估机构的公信力。     

Information provision as agenda setting: A study of bureaucracy's role in higher education policy

Many drivers of agenda setting have been considered in political science, yet the bureaucracy has been largely absent from these discussions. This article challenges that tendency by arguing that bureaucracies provide information and analysis to legislatures early in the policy process, which then affects the bills that are introduced and eventually adopted. I further posit that institutional forms condition the information a bureaucracy can provide, leading to the central hypothesis that highly centralized agencies have more concentrated agendas than decentralized institutions and therefore less congruence with and influence on legislative agendas. Based on a large original dataset of bureaucratic information and proposed legislation concerning higher education policy from two states with archetypal institutional forms, I analyze what kinds of information shift the attention of lawmakers to higher education topics of interest within different institutional arrangements. The findings further our understanding of the impact of institutional factors on information processing by legislatures and the role of the bureaucracy in agenda setting.     

加强民警政治理论培训课程建设探析

民警政治理论培训是公安队伍建设的主渠道,是公安思想政治工作的主阵地。但是,民警政治理论培训课程建设在课程定位、培训内容、教学方法、教师队伍建设等方面存在一些比较突出的问题。要加强民警政治理论培训课程建设,一是明确课程定位,提高政治理论培训课程设置的规范性;二是推进模块式教学设计,努力提高政治理论培训课程的针对性和实效性;三是按照“三贴近”要求,改进教学方法;四是坚持课程建设与学科建设相结合,加大民警政治理论培训课程的理论支撑;五是加强师资队伍建设,强化教师育人意识。     

RACIAL DISCRIMINATION,RACIAL SOCIALIZATION,AND CRIME OVER TIME: A SOCIAL SCHEMATIC THEORY MODEL

Recent studies evince that interpersonal racial discrimination (IRD) increases the risk of crime among African Americans and familial racial socialization fosters resilience to discrimination's criminogenic effects. Yet, studies have focused on the short‐term effects of IRD and racial socialization largely among adolescents. In this study, we seek to advance knowledge by elucidating how racialized experiences—in interactions and socialization—influence crime for African Americans over time. Elaborating Simons and Burt's (2011) social schematic theory, we trace the effects of childhood IRD and familial racial socialization on adult offending through cognitive and social pathways and their interplay. We test this life‐course SST model using data from the FACHS, a multisite study of Black youth and their families from ages 10 to 25. Consistent with the model, analyses reveal that the criminogenic consequences of childhood IRD are mediated cognitively by a criminogenic knowledge structure and socially through the nature of social relationships in concert with ongoing offending and discrimination experiences. Specifically, by increasing criminogenic cognitive schemas, IRD decreases embeddedness in supportive romantic, educational, and employment relations, which influence social schemas and later crime. Consonant with expectations, the findings also indicate that racial socialization provides enduring resilience by both compensating for and buffering discrimination's criminogenic effects.     

建立引导私营企业主做合格“建设者”的有效机制

文章对如何建立引导私营企业主做合格“建设者”的有效机制进行了探索,提出建立私营企业主责任区制度、结对互帮制度、发挥党员私营企业主的示范作用。努力提高激励水平,制定明确私营企业主社会属性和社会责任的制度、完善保护私人财产的法律制度。从而调动非公有制经济人士建设中国特色社会主义的积极性,为全面建设小康社会作出应有的贡献。     

治安大类实践实训课程技能考核评价体系的构建

治安专业实践实训课程考核作为对学生所学的知识和实践技能进行科学评价的一种重要导向,是培养学生创造性思维和提高学生创新能力的一条重要途径。但是治安实践实训课程未能形成相对独立的考核体系,并且在核心知识、核心能力和核心技能三个层面上的界限不清晰,制约了治安实践实训课程考核的导向功能的发挥。因此,构建治安实践实训技能课程考核已经成为实现培养目标的核心内容。     

法治进程中检察官专业化之必要性

中国检察制度是社会主义法治进程中的一项重要制度,是检察官专业化的基础。检察官担负着法律监督职责,履行法律监督职能,推进检察官专业化,既是检察官履行职责的要求,也是提高检察官素质和依法治国的要求。