Linguistic and visual strategies for portraying immigrants as people deprived of human rights†

The majority of news items on sub-Saharan immigrants in the Spanish press refer to their arrival by jumping the fences of Ceuta or Melilla or landing in small boats at the Spanish coast. The data in this article consist of all the news items published on the arrival of sub-Saharan immigrants in Spain by jumping the fences of Ceuta and Melilla, items that appeared in the digital editions of the two most popular Spanish newspapers, El País and ABC, from 1 January 2012 to 1 January 2015. The principles of critical discourse analysis and visual grammar are used to deconstruct the linguistic and visual portrayal of sub-Saharan immigrants when they try to enter Spain by jumping the fence. This research reveals that the immigrants jumping the fence at Melilla are represented as wild and dangerous. There is no reference to their human rights. The study thus aims to provide a visual analysis of the way in which the arrival of these immigrants is represented visually in two serious newspapers. In this way, the study aims to unveil visual ways of negative representation of immigrants, who are portrayed as dangerous invaders.     

Modern post-colonial approaches to citizenship: Kwame Nkrumah’s political thought on Pan-Africanism

This project of critical citizenship studies and comparative political theory utilizes a framework of multiple modernities in order to deeply explore the ontological foundations and complexities of a non-Western conception of citizenship and nationhood: political pan-Africanism. It does so through a study of the political thought of Kwame Nkrumah, a deeply influential political theorist and actor, in the context of the Gold Coast’s struggle for independence and in the initial years of Ghanaian post-colonialism. How did Nkrumah conceive of Pan-Africanist citizenship and nationhood in political and ontological terms? How does this relate to both modern conceptions of citizenship as tied to the nation-state and traditional Ghanaian conceptions of citizenship and belonging? After considering these questions, this paper explores how Nkrumah’s vision of Pan-Africanism was influenced by, yet contradicted central tenets of, Western political thought and modernity. It explores the theoretical and practical tensions inherent between this non-Western conception of the nation and the dominance of aspects of ‘Western’ modernity. Exploring these questions through the lens of Nkrumah’s political thought offers an Afrocentric study in an effort to strengthen African historical agency and to deparochialize citizenship studies and political theory.     

On Humanitarian Refugee Biometrics and New Forms of Intervention

This article traces the development from the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) initially using biometrics in a few pilot projects (in the early-to-mid-2000s) to the emergence of a policy in which biometric registration is considered a ‘strategic decision’. It then engages key insights from current debates about ‘materiality’ and agentic capacity in combination with current debates about new forms of intervention. Finally, these insights are combined into a framework through which the article engages critically with this development of humanitarian refugee biometrics by posing the following question: how does an approach to technology that takes seriously the idea of matter as capable of agentic capacity enhance an appreciation of the ways in which these humanitarian technologies may contribute to the emergence of new forms of intervention? Through an analysis of how the emergence of digitalized biometric refugee data has affected the relationship between the UNHCR, donor states, host states and refugees, the article shows how the UNHCR’s trialling of new biometric technologies – combined with actual and potential data-sharing practices – has advanced the technology’s performance and acceptability whilst at the same time also rendering new dimensions of refugee life intervenable, not only to humanitarian actors.     

The Dynamics of the Demobilization of the Protest Campaign in Assam

This study highlights the role that critical events play in the demobilization of protest campaigns. Social movement scholars suggest that protest campaigns demobilize as a consequence of polarization within the campaign or the cooptation of the campaign leaders. I offer critical events as an alternative causal mechanism and argue that protest campaigns in ethnically divided societies are particularly combustible, as they have the potential to trigger unintended or unorchestrated communal violence. When such violence occurs, elite strategies change, mass support declines, and the campaign demobilizes. An empirical investigation of the dynamics of the demobilization phase of the anti-foreigner protest campaign in Assam, India, between 1979 and 1985 confirms this argument. A single group analysis is conducted to compare the dynamics of the campaign before and after the communal violence by using time series event data collected from The Indian Express, a national newspaper. The study has wider implications for the literature on collective action, as it illuminates the dynamic and complex nature of protest campaigns.     

The transatlantic dialogue on Iran: the European subaltern and hegemonic constraints in the implementation of the 2015 nuclear agreement with Iran

This article analyses the US–EU transatlantic dialogue on the Iranian nuclear dossier with a particular view to the implications for EU foreign policy on Iran. Doing so, it uses neo-Gramscian scholarship to put the EU’s “over-compliance” with Iran sanctions into perspective. Constrained by the imperatives of hegemonic coercion in the form of US financial Iran sanctions against third country entities and with the hegemonic consent of a Western US-led “historic bloc”, Europe was relegated to a subaltern below its mediatory potential. It will be shown how this finding complicates the EU’s ambition to renew relations with Iran. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with experts and delegation members from the P5+1, this article thus analyses “the normative element” in the transatlantic security dialogue on Iran at a time where the latter is undergoing a sea change in the wake of the implementation of the “Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action” of July 2015.     

中国环境法律演化的可能路向——以西方法律演化理论为概念工具

西方转型社会时期形成了昂格尔的法律类型理论、诺内特和塞尔兹尼克的法律演化理论、哈贝马斯的法律范式理论以及托依布纳的反身型法理论。全球结构之中的中国转型社会意味着,重构上述西方法律演化理论进而据此分析和透视中国环境法律演化的前景是一项艰难的工作。本文以西方法律演化理论为概念工具,试图勾勒中国环境法律演化众多方向中的一条可能路向——程序技术法律模式。     

刑事科学技术专业“战训合一”模式研究——兼谈我院刑事科学技术专业建设与改革

在刑事科学技术专业的培养目标上要牢固确立“四个意识”即“证据意识、侦查意识、诉讼意识和法律意识”，做到三个“贴近”即“贴近基层，贴近实战．贴近需要”，将学生培养成为“面向公安实战，面对现场勘查，面向社会实践”的具备现场勘查技能和专门知识的专业学科人才，从而打造出学院具有特色的优势学科，以更好地为侦查破案和起诉审判提供线索和证据，为贵州公安司法实战输送和培训合格的刑事技术专业人才，对贵州公安司法实践作出应有的贡献，实现学院发展的总体目标：“将学校建设成为贵州公安司法干警的培训基地，培养21世纪新型警官的摇篮，贵州公安刑事科学技术的研究和资料中心。”     

竞技跆拳道横踢的技术分析与训练方法

竞技跆拳道中的横踢技术是所有进攻技术中最简单、最有效、最常用的一种技术，它的特点是进攻快，并且进攻结束后还能快速地进入防守状态，或者快速衔接其他的进攻技术，它能够作为所有运动员在实践中的常规技术。因此，运动员学好横踢，就迈入了竞技跆拳道的第一道门槛。     

P2SP技术侵权法律问题研究

P2SP技术的出现对传统著作权法律制度提出了挑战，通过对P2SP技术相关行为的简单探讨，对其合法性问题作出了定性，并为该技术引起的相关法律问题提出了可行的解决办法。     

论行政诉讼受案范围之立法技术

对我国行政诉讼受案范围之立法技术,应当从两个方面予以完善:在宏观上由宪法明确授予法院行政审判权,并在此基础上将行政受案范围在基本法层面具体化,实现立法技术在宪法和基本法之间的协调,再以确认和保障相对人诉权为逻辑前提,在不同效力层级之法律规范性文件中分别对行政诉讼受案范围作出规定.微观上以行政争议为基本范畴,在宪法、行政诉讼法以及其他法律规范中甄别使用肯定式和否定式.