Descriptive Study of Precursors to Sex Offending among 813 Boys and Girls: Antecedent Life Experiences

In order to understand the precursors to sexual offending among youth and the associated gender differences, the records of 813 sexually abusive children (659 boys and 154 girls) referred for an evaluation of their sexually inappropriate and coercive behavior were reviewed and coded. These children ranged in age from 3 to 18 when they committed their first hands-on offenses. All were under the care of the Massachusetts Department of Social Services either prior to or as a result of their behavior. Principle findings included: (1) a high proportion of girls (19 percent) in a sample of children flagged as sexually abusive to other children, (2) an exceptionally high base rate of severe maltreatment and associated clinical and psychiatric sequelae, and (3) girls were significantly more likely to be sexually abused, and when sexually abused the abuse lasted longer, was more severe, and involved more perpetrators. In addition, the girls were significantly more likely to witness domestic violence and to witness sexual deviance within the home. For all other types of abuse, there were no group differences, and (4) all of the children were subjected to a very high level of caregiver instability.     

关于我国文化安全问题的辩证思考

在全球化时代,我国文化安全问题日益突出。要用辩证的哲学思维方法联系地、全面地、发展地看待我国的文化安全问题,避免把它抽象化、简单化而陷于僵化、片面。     

跨文化传播时代的广告

广告文化作为文化传播的一种形式,必须为弘扬民族文化、实现民族文化的合理拓展作出承诺。从广告传播的角度来看,广告若欲将信息传递给目标受众,就必须采用本民族容易接受的文化形式和文化价值观。因此,在广告传播中采用民族题材、弘扬民族文化价值观的广告作品十分多见。这些广告表现了同一文化的亲和力,极大的唤起了消费者的文化认同,从而导致其购买行为,而客观上它们又弘扬了民族传统。     

Complex Individualism and Legitimacy of Absolute Property Rights

In this article my purpose is to go thoroughly into the ideas expressed by economists regarding the legitimacy of absolute property rights. I visit the Lockian argument taken up by Murray Rothbard (1.1) and the principle of the finder keeper clarified by Israel Kizner (1.2). I argue that it is impossible to legitimate either the property of the finder keeper or the property of oneself if man does not think of himself as an individual. Indeed individualism becomes the cultural prerequisite required to acknowledge the rights of the finder keeper and the goods obtained through labour. Here, Hayek's complex individualism is akin to the hypothesis of the social animal of Benjamin Constant and the work of Gabriel Tarde on the transformation of law. The individual is both an effect and a cause of property rights.     

继承法热点问题探析

长期囿于计划经济和简单生活资料生产束缚的中国家庭正经历着前所未有的变革。与之相适应,人们的财产继承观念也有了新的变化,这给当前我国的继承法带来了许多新的问题。立足于现实,从文化、经济的视角观察和评价当前一些继承关系中的热点问题,诸如洁手原则、自由选择权原则、遗嘱自由原则、文化对继承者资格的阻滞以及尊重习惯法原则,以期对继承制度的完善有所裨益。     

Self-reported crime rates of women prisoners

This paper presents findings from the first study of female prisoners' self-reports of criminal activity. Using the criminal career paradigm to frame the analysis, self-reported estimates of crime participation and frequency rates were examined for eight felony crimes. Important similarities between women and men were found in overall patterns of crime. Specifically, a small proportion ofboth women and men described committing a large portion of the total crimes reported. These data also suggest that women and men are similar in violent crime participation — a finding that varies from the current literature. Once active in a crime type, women and men committed assault, theft, and forgery at significantly different rates; no gender differences were found in the annualized frequency rates of burglary, robbery, motor vehicle theft, fraud, and drug dealing. However, although statistical differences were not found in the overall frequency of drug dealing, specific patterns of drug dealing reflected considerable gender variation, with a larger proportion of the female sample committing very frequent (daily) drug dealing activity. The findings reflect the value of the criminal career paradigm for the study of gender differences. Future research should include largescale quantitative designs that allow detailed analyses of correlates of the distinct criminal career dimensions.Points of view are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official position of the U.S. Department of Justice.This research was funded in part by the National Institute of Justice, Grant 87-IJ-CX-0048.     

Childhood Abusive and Supportive Experiences, Inter-Parental Violence, and Parental Alcohol Use: Prediction of Young Adult Depressive Symptoms and Aggression

Issues in both the children of alcoholics and child abuse literatures were addressed in an attempt to disentangle the effects on young adults of growing up in alcoholic homes versus abusive homes. Using multiple regression, retrospective reports of parental abuse (emotional, physical, and sexual) and parental support (love/support, independence, and fairness), witnessing violence between parents, and parental alcohol use were used as predictor variables for outcomes noted by both literatures. When the effects of all other predictors were statistically controlled, parental alcohol use was not significantly related to depressive symptoms or aggression. Different abusive and supportive behaviors, depending on sex of parent and sex of participant, were significant predictors of both depression and aggression. Results underscore the importance of including and controlling for inter-parental violence and for different types of child abuse (especially emotional abuse) and parental supportive behaviors in investigations of outcomes related to abusive and alcoholic families. Implications for treatment of individuals from these families are discussed.     

大学生消费价值观遭遇文化帝国主义

作为当代市场经济社会中不可或缺的人格素质要求,大学生的消费行为及其价值观的形成过程应当被视为一个全面的意识形态教育及其信念的建构过程。在西方消费社会的文化价值观连同其中的意识形态开始直接影响当代大学生的思想状况的时候,有必要适当调整大学生思想政治教育的视角,开展围绕着“消费价值观教育”的相关改革。     

中国警政近代化过程中的文化阻力--兼论落后教育的影响

作为宪政运动组成部分的中国警察近代化是以移植西方警察制度为基本路径的,但近代中国等级特权观念依旧牢固,个人主义依然发达,"官本位"观念仍极浓厚,教育水平也很落后,国民文化素质普遍不高,致使曾成为社会进步表征的中国近代警察很难有所作为.     

“中国特色”的文化学依据

"中国特色"理论的文化历史依据,可从文化中国、文化传统和文化实践的反思中得出.