Reduced payer's liability for unauthorized payment transactions under the second Payment Services Directive (PSD2)

In 2015, the European legislator enacted the second Payment Services Directive, which, among other things, determines the payer's liability for unauthorized payment transactions. This paper will show that PSD2 has widened its scope and further reduces the payer's liability for unauthorized transactions, for example by making it impossible to hold the payer liable in case no strong customer authentication has been applied, by requiring supporting evidence to prove the payer's fraud or gross negligence and by applying the same rules when unauthorized transactions are initiated through a payment initiation service.     

Postal Service Reforms in Solomon Islands of the South Pacific: Evaluating Consequences for Public Service Delivery and Customer Satisfaction

The changing environment of the postal sector over the last decade has increased the urgency for governments worldwide to re-examine regulations governing how their public postal administrations operate. The need to increase service efficiency and quality is a critical strategic focus, given the increasing technological competition, rising operational costs, and changing customers' needs and expectations. There are many success stories, particularly from developed countries, highlighting improved service quality following corporatization of their public postal administration. This particular study revealed that reforms of the Solomon Islands postal service have had some positive influence on the level of customer satisfaction.     

Human Resources in Public Administration in the Czech Republic

This paper informs about results of a research taking place within an internal grant of College of Polytechnics Jihlava, which is aimed at examining the efficiency in public administration from the point of view of the office workers. The research is divided into three stages which were proceeding gradually in large organisations of public administration carrying out self-government as well as state government in figurative effect. The research took place in the form of questionnaires, which were given to randomly chosen workers of the offices, and these anonymously answered 60 questions were divided into six topics： human resources, organizational capital, information capital, customer capital, performance measuring, and innovation capital. The respondents assessed the situation in the office using their own judgement. The aim of this paper is to inform about the results of this research especially from the point of view of human capital, organizational capital, and social capital in organisations of public administration.     

论加强消费者权益的倾斜保护

《中华人民共和国消费者权益保护法》（以下简称《消法》）自颁布以采,其运行的社会经济环境已经发生了巨大的变化,消费者弱势地位更加明显,维权难度日益增加。《消法》需要在倾斜保护的立法理念基础上进一步加强对消费者合法权益的保障,通过增加消费者的权利和完善鉴定机构等途径提高消费者维权能力。     

基于ACSI模型的陕西公共交通满意度问题研究

依据ACSI模型(美国顾客满意度指数)对陕西交通服务的顾客满意度进行分析。首先运用模糊综合评判法对问卷调查的数据进行处理,得出影响顾客满意度的各评价指标的分值,接着应用SPSS软件分析影响顾客满意度的各因素的相关性,得出回归方程,最终计算出陕西省交通服务的顾客满意度值,以此为相关部门制定交通发展规划和相关管理政策提供科学依据。关于ACSI模型的研究方法和结论对其他省份交通部门,也具有一定的借鉴意义。     

浅析顾客的定义与基本分类

通过对市场营销理论的重要概念——顾客内涵的简要分析 ,给出了新的顾客定义 ,并重点从交换、盈利、业务联系、企业边界等多个角度讨论了顾客的基本分类方法     

论当代中国法律发展与法律继承的关系

法律继承是法律发展的题中应有之义。当代中国的法律发展即存在着对我国传统法律文化的继承，又存在着对西方法律文化的吸收与借鉴。怎样在吸收和借鉴处于强势地位的西方法律文化的同时，又注重发扬本民族的法律文化精华，是我国当今法律发展面临的困境。面对此困境，我们只有全面认识传统法文化和西方法文化的优劣，才能为当代中国法律发展找到契机。     

消费者产品涉入与品牌转换：顾客满意的中介效应

消费者的品牌转换行为对企业的经营管理影响巨大，了解其前因变量对控制此类行为至关重要。本研究着眼于消费者产品涉入，探索其对品牌转换的预测效应，以及顾客满意在两者间的中介效应。通过对409名大学生的问卷调研，采用相关分析、验证性因子分析、结构方程建模等统计方法进行假设检验。结果显示，消费者产品涉入对品牌转换存在显著的负向预测效应，顾客满意完全中介消费者产品涉入与品牌转换之间的关系。     

我国顾客导向型警务绩效评估机制的构建

"顾客满意"是政府绩效管理关注的核心问题,在全球化政府绩效改革和世界警务绩效评价趋势的推动下,我国社会转型期的公安行政必须积极探索新型的警务绩效评估机制。而构建顾客导向型警务绩效评估机制正是有益的尝试与探索,其路径选择包括树立顾客导向的警务绩效评价理念、建立公众满意绩效评估体系和完善以公众评价为主导的警务绩效评估机制。     

信用卡客户责任限制与消费者权益保护

信用卡未经授权使用会给客户带来严重的经济损失,在我国信用卡客户追索赔偿时,又可能面临各种不利的局面,这种状况较为严重地制约了我国信用卡业的快速发展。限制信用卡客户责任,同时将增加的成本进行分散,减轻我国信用卡客户责任,有利于保护信用卡消费者权益。同时也有利于我国信用卡业面临日益激烈的国际竞争,促进我国信用卡业真正与国际接轨,促进信用卡业向更大规模化发展。