浅谈批评报道与舆论监督

在媒体手段日趋多样化,大众传媒已形成激烈竞争新格局的今天,只有全方位、多侧面地了解舆论监督、批评报道的历史和内涵,才能在实践中充分发挥二者的有效作用.     

法官与法律的完善和实施 --以民事审判监督为例的观念、价值和技术分析

由于法律规定和法律技术的粗疏 ,我国的民事审判监督和民事诉讼活动之间存在着前提性、结构性的断裂和缺失 ,致使检察机关的民事抗诉权启动艰难。检察机关的民事抗诉权来源于公民的权利 ,是公民权利的转化、实现和保障形式 ,它的顺利启动和行使有十分重要的意义。破解程序困境的思路是 ,以契约精神为理念 ,将检察机关的民事抗诉权的实现看作是全部国家机关对公民和社会的义务。在各种相关机关中 ,由人民法院就检察机关的民事抗诉权向当事人进行宣告 ,借以建立起民事审判监督和民事诉讼活动的链接 ,使民事抗诉权顺利启动 ,成本最低、效率最高是最能维护和体现正义、有利于维护司法尊严和权威的方法。通过技术创新促进法律的完善和实现 ,也将是法院和法官对中国法治的独特贡献。     

法律期间制度的功能与建构

作为一种法律现象 ,法律期间之所以出现在众多的法律之中 ,是由其内含的制度功能决定的。现行立法尽管已对法律期间有所重视 ,但仍然存在着相当的立法缺陷。学界应当积极培育法律期间立法的理论资源 ,立法者对法律期间进行立法规制时 ,也必须遵循相应的设置规则     

论我国刑事审判监督制度的缺陷与完善

我国刑事审判监督制度具有认识论、权力制约论、司法公正和人权保障四方面的理论基础。虽然我国刑事审判监督制度仍存在着一定的缺陷,但可以从完善刑事审判活动监督制度和刑事裁判监督制度两方面予以解决。     

财产刑执行监督问题初探

目前财产刑执行问题迭出的现状表明,我国现行的执行体制及相关制度存在着重大缺陷:法律未规定执行时效制度和财产刑易科自由刑制度、判处财产刑之前缺乏必要的财产状况调查程序、财产刑由法院执行的体制不合理等。加强财产刑执行检察监督要从工作制度创新的层面入手,寻求监督机制的突破。     

未完全定型背景下的协商性法律监督——法律监督的方法论变革

理论界对于检察机关法律监督权的研究一直倾向于在宪法文本乃至宪政精神下进行本体论的研究,但本体论研究无法改变目前宪法及部门法的条文规定,因而无法促进法律监督权的深化与拓展。法律监督权在政治生活中属于未完全定型的概念。在未完全定型的情形下,抛开分歧,更加注重权力行使过程、行使方式的研究更为重要。法律监督权之所以尚未定型及运行中之所以遇到很多难题,不同机关的绩效考核之间相互博弈、监督与被监督单位及个人之间的情面是尤为重要的影响因素。在这些因素构成的复杂法治环境中,考虑到法律监督权在政治、法律中的未完全定型,提倡合作共赢、又不折损情面的协商式监督更能促进法律监督工作的开展。     

SUPERVISION REGIMES,RISK, AND OFFICIAL REACTIONS TO PAROLEE DEVIANCE*

Parolee deviance has emerged as a central issue in policy debates about crime and punishment in American society as well as in scholarship on “mass incarceration.” Although the prevailing approach to studying parolees conceives of parole violations as outcomes of individual propensities toward criminal behavior (i.e., criminogenic risk), we consider how indicators of individual risk and characteristics of formal social control systems combine to account for reported parole violations. Using data on California parolees, we examine the effects of parolees’ personal characteristics, their criminal histories, and the social organization of supervision on parole violations. We advance the notion of a “supervision regime”—a legal and organizational structure that shapes the detection and reporting of parolee deviance. Three components of a supervision regime are explored: 1) the intensity of supervision, 2) the capacity of the regime to detect parolee deviance, and 3) the tolerance of parole officials for parolee deviance. We find that personal characteristics and offense histories are predictive of parole violations. However, we also find that introducing supervision factors reduces the effects of offense history variables on violation risk, suggesting that the violation risks of serious, violent, and sexual offenders are partially explainable through the heightened supervision to which they are subject. In addition, we find that supervision intensity and tolerance are generally predictive of violation risk. Capacity effects are present but weak. We conclude with a discussion of how the supervision regimes concept illuminates the gap between macro‐ and micro‐analyses of social control.     

关于完善我国行政问责制的思考

全面推进行政问责制是我国政治体制改革的一项重要内容。本文分析了在推进行政问责制的进程中所面临的权责不清、行政监督虚置、问责文化滞后等主要问题,并针对这些问题提出了相应的对策。     

当代中国民族自治地方法规中的习惯

民族自治地方人民代表大会依照当地民族的特点,在其制定的自治条例和单行条例中尊重和认可习惯。民族自治地方法规认可习惯的内容由单一发展为较为多元,包括婚姻习惯、物权习惯等。民族自治地方在自治条例和单行条例中认可习惯更多的是着眼于对少数民族落后习惯的引导,社会改造色彩浓郁。随着社会的发展,民族自治地方法规对习惯的认可是会出现一定的变化。     

Contemporary Modes of Probation Officer Supervision: The Triumph of the “Synthetic” Officer?

This article considers the continued relevance of law enforcement and social worker roles to probation officer practice, a central motif in community corrections scholarship. It also considers how these traditional functions are integrated into community-oriented supervision practices, increasingly emphasized in policy circles. Using Latent Class Analysis of data from a national community corrections survey, a four-class typology of probation officers was developed, based on their supervision practices. While classes vary according to the intensity of supervision, particularly in the engagement of third parties (family, community, and the police), there are no classes that correspond either to law enforcers or to social workers. Rather, officer classes are all “synthetic”—combining law enforcement and social work functions together in the same strategy. The analysis identifies a number of predictors of membership in more intensive supervision classes. These relate to ideological orientations, caseload characteristics, officer demographics, and agency progressiveness.