Sentences and prosecutors’ demands for aggravated drunk driving in Finland

ABSTRACT

Sentences and prosecutors’ demands for aggravated drunk driving are categorised into three classes: The sentence is more lenient than, is compatible with, or is harsher than the prosecutor’s demand. The probability of a sentence falling into one of the three ordered categories is explained by a cumulative logit model. The following circumstances affect the probability of a more lenient or harsher sentence, in decreasing order of importance: driving a truck, facing at least four counts, having a legal assistant, and being present in the trial. The hypothesis that factors known by the prosecutor, at the time of writing the demand, should not systematically affect sentences is refuted. The judges assess circumstances differently than the prosecutors. The prosecutors’ role is nevertheless prominent in the sense that the sentences follow, to a great extent, their demands. Notable gender effects of the actors in the courtroom are found.     

基于BP神经网络模型对上海土地需求的量化研究

在根据上海产业政策和区域经济发展对用地需求分析的基础上,通过对土地需求、土地储备与土地供应的关联分析,建立基于BP神经网络预测模型,研究上海经营性用地需求趋势的分析和对具体指标的细化分析,进一步得出土地需求总量,提出至2010年上海经济发展对土地需求的预测分析,以合理确定土地储备量。     

关于构建民事诉讼一审终审制的立法思考--从完善民事诉讼审级制度的视角

基于诉讼案件对诉讼程序的"需要"与诉讼程序"供给"之间的规律和实现诉讼效率价值目标的需要,民事诉讼法有必要在现有立法基础上扩大一审终审的适用范围.对民事纠纷案件实行一审终审的标准及范围应由立法按诉讼标的额确定一个基本的幅度,再由各高级法院根据本省的具体情况在法定幅度范围内确定本省小额案件的标的额.但小额民事案件具有法定情形时不得实行一审终审制,同时,立法不宜允许当事人通过协议方式选择审级制度的适用.     

中国粮食饲料的需求与流通渠道--以广东省为例

中国加入WTO后 ,粮食饲料的变化将取决于市场经济条件下 ,国内市场价格与国际市场价格相比处于何种水平上。以广东省为例 ,广东省是典型的玉米需求地 ,目前对玉米的购买主要来自东北地区。通过铁路和港口运输。今后为继续加强中国玉米的国际竞争力 ,必须对国产玉米的生产和流通进行改革 ,才能在国际竞争中处于有利的地位     

法律的经济分析工具

法律市场假设是经济分析的前提 ,法律运行中的弊端通常就产生于法律市场的交易中。供给与需求、成本与收益分析是法律经济分析的重要工具。政府既供给市场经济的法律制度基础 ,也可能破坏和掠夺这一基础。法律需求是公共选择的过程 ,具有不确定性 ,可能被人为夸大 ,也可能被人为低估。政府对市场过于敏感 ,对干预市场的法律法规过于自信 ,会导致“非市场”需求的扭曲。法律成本不确定 ,使得人们难以选择、发现最符合效率原则的立法执法机制     

社会矛盾化解视野下的派出所解纷权——以一起自杀式讨薪案的处置为例

自杀式讨薪行为是一种底层的不"体面"、不"正规"、不合法的纠纷解决方式。民间纠纷的当事人常常以扩大纠纷的方式解决纠纷,调解这类含有暴力因素或有危害公共秩序之虞的因素的民间纠纷,成为当前派出所日常工作的一个主要项目。民警在这类案件中的功能,主要是充当纠纷解决过程中的控制者、缓冲者、疏导者、协调者的角色。派出所的民间纠纷解决权,是底层大众解纷需求的产物,以此为核心的派出所调解机制的实践反映了底层解纷机制对当代中国法治进程的影响。     

State Abortion Policies,Targeted Regulation of Abortion Provider Laws,and Abortion Demand

Targeted Regulation of Abortion Provider laws (or TRAP laws) are state laws that apply only to abortion providers and impose on them licensing fees, physical plant/personnel regulations, and requirements that exceed those imposed on other comparable health‐care providers or medical facilities. According to prochoice supporters, the explicit or implicit goal of TRAP laws is to drive abortion providers from the market and reduce the supply of abortion services. This paper examines whether a state TRAP licensing fee or a TRAP plant/personnel law also has an independent impact on women's demand for abortion over the period 1982–2005. The empirical results find that neither state TRAP law has a statistically significant independent effect on women's abortion demand. The empirical results remain robust even after controlling for time‐varying factors or the time period after the Supreme Court's landmark 1992 Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v. Casey decision.     

Market Demand for Civic Affairs News

This paper uses time series methods to test the relationship between civic affairs content and audience share for the ABC, CBS, and NBC evening news in the mid-1990s. Because these programs competed in the same market, but varied the amount of their civic affairs coverage, they present an excellent opportunity to analyze this relationship. The study uses hand-coded news abstracts and O.J. Simpson murder trial coverage as separate measures of news content. The study finds that lower levels of civic affairs content and higher levels of O.J. news are associated with greater audience share.     

金融支持与吉林省房地产市场的发展

近年来吉林省房地产市场得到了长足的发展,但是吉林省的房地产市场仍然处于一个较为初级的发展阶段,房屋价格远远低于全国平均水平,而且面临着较为严重的供给约束和有效需求不足问题。虽然以银行贷款为主的金融支持推动了吉林省房地产市场的发展,但是吉林省房地产市场的金融支持力度仍低于全国平均水平。因此,应当在现有金融支持规模的基础上,适当加大支持力度,以便更好地促进吉林省房地产市场的发展。     

中国工会:转型期的诉求责难与制度救济

中国工会作为职工权益的法定"代言人",基本职责是维护广大职工的合法权益.但在国家主导下的市场化改革中,其"代言人"资格却饱受职工权益诉求的责难,并不得不接受职工群体性的民意检验.从中国工会独有的责任属性分析,工会虽然成为职工诉求责难的直接对象,但问题的本身仍在国家.所以,基于工会责任属性的多维目标需要,国家层面的制度救济对现实中的中国工会重塑和拓展职工民意基础、巩固国家的执政基础是重要的.但长远看,国家主导下的制度供给,尤其是劳动者权利的完善才是消除职工诉求责难、实现劳动关系和谐、提升工会形象的有效选择.