治安调解若干问题研究

治安调解是公安机关依法对因民间纠纷违反治安管理行为的非处罚性处理方法。究竟需要怎样的治安调解制度,应当将其置于整个纠纷解决机制之中加以考察。依据《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》第9条关于治安调解的原则性规定,治安调解适用的情形主要在该法第43条和第49条规定调整的范围内。治安案件不适用“谁主张,谁举证”的原则,当事人只需表明自己的权益受损,证明责任由警察担当。但不应将公安机关的证明责任绝对化,尤其是在当事人因民间纠纷提起治安处罚程序,要求公安机关追究对方责任的情形下,当事人应当对证明自己主张的案件事实承担一定的证明责任。治安调解的程序适用一方面应便于公安机关掌握纠纷事实真相,明确双方责任,提出处理建议;另一方面还须为调解不成或者不履行协议的治安处罚服务。     

军事信息技术作用机理的哲学思考

信息技术是当代军事高技术中的核心技术。从哲学层面深入探讨军事信息的本质,揭示军事信息技术对军事实践活动作用机理,对于深化信息化战争和信息化军队建设的认识,对于我军实践“双重历史任务”具有重要的理论和现实意义。     

城市农民工法律援助问题研究(上)——关注和谐社会构建中的弱势群体

农民工目前总数已超过一亿,成为我国第二、第三产业中真正的主力军,他们的合法权益往往受到各种侵害,而成为社会的弱势群体,对其利益的保护是社会主义和谐社会建设中不可忽视的重要方面,在这种情形下,通过法律援助来维护自己的合法权利已成为农民工最经济且最有效的选择.本文以农村城市化进程中产生的农民工的再社会化诸问题为视角,探讨了目前我国法律援助制度的不足之处,并就其完善措施展开讨论,以期对我国法律援助制度的完善有所裨益.     

刑事缺席审判制度在中国的建构

刑事缺席审判的方式,有其存在的现实合理性和价值基础,应当合理权衡公正与效率的价值需求,充分考虑缺席审判的程序正当性。在我们的刑事诉讼中,如果能够合理设计缺席审判制度并有效规范它的运作,将会解决当前刑事诉讼中存在的某些相关问题。在我国确立缺席审判制度,必须明确缺席审判的适用范围,在合理控制缺席审判的发生条件的基础上,充分考虑制度设置的合理性,使缺席审判的运作合乎程序正当性的要求。     

近代中国警察教育的建立与发展历程

近代中国警察教育的发展与近代中国整个警察事业的发展同步。近代中国警察教育在近五十年的历程中,由散漫渐趋统一,由幼稚渐近成熟,反映了近代警政及警察教育发展的普遍规律。     

The `Ideal' Victim v Successful Rape Complainants: Not What You Might Expect

This article proposes that feminist legal critics need to be able to explain how some rape cases succeed in securing convictions. The means by which rape cases are routinely disqualified in the criminal justice system have received widespread attention. It is well established in feminist legal critique that female complainants are discredited if they fail to conform to an archaic stereotype of the genuine or ‘real’ rape victim. This victim is not only morally and sexually virtuous she is also cautious, unprovocative, and consistent. Defence tactics for discrediting rape testimony involve exposing the complainant's alleged failure to comply with the sexual and behavioural standards of the normative victim. This understanding of how rape complain(an)ts are disqualified is not predictive, however, of the complainants whose cases succeed in securing convictions. This article reviews some successful Australian rape cases and considers the ways in which they disturb feminist understandings of how rape complaints are discredited in the criminal justice system. It proposes that recent research analysing the discourse of rape trials provides a way of explaining the apparent discrepancies between the ‘ideal’ rape victim and successful complainants. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Sequencing of intersecting lines by combined lifting process and scanning electron microscopy

The chronological order in which two intersecting writing or typed strokes were made can be determined for several combinations of writing media by scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination, a lifting and transfer technique using Kromekote paper, or a combination of the transfer technique followed by SEM examination of the remaining material in the intersection. When non-destructive examination cannot provide unambiguous determination of sequence, judicious choice by the document examiner of which technique to use for a given combination of writing media and paper type can be made using known characteristics of the materials involved. The range of line-crossings which can be reliably sequenced is greater using a combined transfer and SEM technique than when the examination is limited to either technique alone.     

教学过程中知识的社会建构—一种知识社会学的观点

知识是一个不断生成着的概念。人的知识是在社会中不断建构起来的,它具体存在于人与人之间的活动和交往过程中。教学过程中的知识是由教师和学生共同建构起来的。知识的建构过程充满着矛盾和斗争,即作为合法化的教科书知识与建立在个人生活经验基础上的教师和学生的个人知识之间的矛盾和斗争,充斥着整个教育教学过程。在看似客观公正的知识传输背后隐藏着不同权力和利益之间的斗争。     

与时俱进应着重解决好的几个问题

与时俱进是时代的呼唤,意义重大。坚持与时俱进,应着重解决好“进”的依据、方向、检验 和动力等问题。     

中国共产党对"以德治国"的认识历程

中国共产党对"以德治国"的认识经历了两个阶段.建国初期,党和政府即提出了基本的道德标准.自改革开放以来,党和政府确立了基本的道德规范.在建立社会主义市场经济体制过程中,江泽民同志适时地提出了"以德治国"的基本方略,这是对治国方略的重大发展.落实以德治国的方略如同落实以法治国的方略一样,任重而道远.