生态文明和中国环境资源保护多元体系的构建

该文提出,改善生态环境质量,实现经济社会的可持续发展是构建和谐社会的重要内容,需要构建和完善包含环境资源法律法规、环境政策和保护环境资源的乡规民约的多元保护体系。     

家庭与青少年犯罪

青少年违法犯罪,是当今各国面临的严重社会问题。这一问题产生的原因是多方面的,其中家庭的负面影响是导致青少年违法犯罪的直接和重要原因。影响青少年健康成长的家庭负面影响,主要包括不良的家庭环境和不当的家庭教育两大方面。要预防和减少青少年犯罪,必须首先从家庭做起。要强化家庭的教育职能,提高家长的素质,营造良好的家庭环境,更新教育观念,讲究教育方法,做到德智并举。     

珠江上游农业区域生态现状及生态安全预警系统的可行性研究

珠江上游地区农业人口众多 ,对生态环境依赖和压力很大。本文通过对珠江上游农业区域的生态现状进行综述 ,阐明生态安全对可持续发展的重要性以及生态安全预警系统建立的必要性 ,进而对建立生态安全预警系统的可行性、原则、基本方法和步骤进行初步研究 ,为这一区域生态环境和可持续发展研究奠定基础。     

Environmental Harm or Natural Hazard? Problem Identification and Adaptation in U.S. Municipal Climate Action Plans

A number of cities in the United States have devised climate action plans (CAPs) to mitigate the effects of climate change. However, few of these plans address strategies to adapt to the long term effects of climate change that will occur in the near and distant future. The research presented in this article examines why cities choose to embed adaptation provisions in their CAPs. Our study codes the content of CAPs for all cities (N = 98) in the United States with populations greater than 50,000. We find cities that frame problems associated with climate change in the language of hazards are more likely to include adaptation strategies in their CAPs than cities that focus on other types of environmental harm. Our findings suggest that more robust efforts to plan for climate change will require the activation of communities of interest beyond those that have been instrumental in setting the current climate agenda.     

Advocacy Coalitions in Ontario Land Use Policy Development

In 2005, the Ontario government passed the Places to Grow Act and the Greenbelt Act, both major changes in land use policy designed to preserve greenspaces and combat urban sprawl in the Greater Golden Horseshoe, Canada's largest conurbation. This article examines the actors, actor beliefs, and inter‐actor alliances in the southern Ontario land use policy subsystem from the perspective of the Advocacy Coalition Framework (ACF). Specifically, this paper undertakes an empirical examination of the ACF's Belief Homophily Hypothesis, which holds that inter‐actor alliances form on the basis of shared policy‐relevant beliefs, creating advocacy coalitions. The analysis finds strong evidence of three advocacy coalitions in the policy subsystem—an agricultural coalition, an environmentalist coalition, and a developers' coalition—as predicted by the hypothesis. However, it also finds equally strong evidence of a cross‐coalition coordination network of peak organizations, something not predicted by the Belief Homophily Hypothesis, and in need of explanation within the ACF.     

论土地资源生态补偿

生态补偿包括国家通过征收环境资源税以保证政府提供土地资源生态产品的公共服务职能;亦包括对因公共利益(生态保护)的需要而受到损失或者付出经济代价的人给予公正的补偿。土地资源生态补偿必须贯彻一种整体主义的生态补偿观。就我国现行的土地资源生态补偿立法和制度运作而言,其现实可行的模式只能是政府主导型。土地资源环境资源税收以生态受益者对国家所进行的环境经济行为机会成本进行补偿为征收标准;土地资源公益征收性质的生态补偿应当贯彻以被征收人生活水平不低于征收前为补偿标准,其补偿范围包括法律规范所规定并予以救济的维生上的财产性不利益和非财产性不利益。     

An Appraisal of Decomposition Cases Received at the Johannesburg Forensic Pathology Service Medico‐legal Mortuary During 2010–2011

Decomposed bodies pose many questions for researchers regarding environmental effects, cause of death, and patterns. This study aimed to observe the factors associated with decomposed bodies autopsied at the Johannesburg Forensic Pathology Service Medico‐legal Mortuary. A total of 4876 autopsies were conducted from 2010 to 2011, of which 109 were decomposed. Black individuals made up the largest proportion (67%) followed by White (26%). Males comprised 86.2%, while 12.8% were female. The mean age was 42.78 years. Most cases were in the early stages of decomposition (49.5%), with 32.1% bloated, 11.9% in active decay, 2.8% in advanced decay, and 3.7% were skeletal. Insect activity was identified in 25.7% of decomposition cases. Cause of death was determined in 48.6% of cases. Of all the cases, 64% were found indoors and 23% outdoors, while 23% had insufficient information regarding the location. Of considerable interest was the number of cases from hospitals and clinics.     

环境行政许可的八个立法原则

在现代社会,许可证制度是防范环境风险最主要的法律制度。目前,学界对行政许可的一般立法原则(法律保留原则、便民效率原则、信赖保护原则、公开公平原则等)探讨甚多,而对环境行政许可具有自身特色的立法原则探讨较少。环境行政许可具有风险品性、科技背景、利益权衡、代际平衡、国际关联等五个特征,因此,环境行政许可的立法,除了须遵循行政许可的一般立法原则外,还须遵循预防、谨慎行事、合理开发利用、污染者负担、科技促进、公众参与、协同合作、国家环境资源主权与不损害国外环境等八个立法原则。这八个原则对具体制度的建构均有明确的要求,并在特定情况下使许可举证责任发生转移。     

我国生态环境恢复立法析要

生态环境的可持续发展是实现经济和社会可持续发展的前提。生态环境的可持续发展既需要预防生态环境退化,还应根据生态环境发生退化的程度对其进行事后恢复。生态环境恢复关系到＂当代人＂和＂后代人＂的环境权益。与传统环境立法不同,生态环境恢复立法更强调对已经被破坏的生态环境进行事后救济。我国现行立法中,这方面的法律规范尚有诸多缺失,应加强生态环境恢复方面的立法,为生态环境的可持续发展提供法制保障。     

＂人文北京＂建设的法制思考

“人文北京”建设的核心是“人”和“文”，以人为本，以文化人，从“人”的角度，“人文北京”就是要建设更加繁荣、文明、和谐、宜居、健康的社会主义和谐社会“首善之区”。从“文”的角度．“人文北京”就是要建成最具人文关怀、最显文明风采、最有文化魅力的中国特色社会主义先进文化之都。“法治”建设，是人文北京建设的重要目标和内涵要求。一方面，法治是实现真正的“人文北京”的内涵之一；另一方面，健全法制又是“人文北京”建设的根本保障。完善的文化法律法规体系、协调高效的文化执法机制、廉洁公正的司法运行机制、便捷的法律中介服务机制是文化法制建设的要求。在“人文北京”法制环境建设路径方面，建议构建“人文北京”的法制建设规划；健全“人文北京”的地方文化法规体系；创造“人文北京”的良好法治氛围。